Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2010; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2010;17(3):149-162
Ekolojik Sistemler Kuramı Çerçevesinde Akran Zorbalığının İncelenmesi
A Doğan
Ege Üniv. Edebiyat Fak., Psikoloji Bölümü, İzmir
Amaç: Akran zorbalığı, bir ya da birkaç öğrencinin bir başka öğrenciye karşı kasıtlı olarak yaptığı,
sürekliliği olan ve güç dengesizliğinin hâkim olduğu saldırgan bir davranış biçimidir. Akran zorbalığının
hem zorbalık yapan çocuklar ve ergenler hem de bu tür davranışlara maruz kalan kurbanlar üzerinde
birçok olumsuz etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede akran zorbalığının tanımı, türleri, olumsuz etkileri ve
zorba ve kurbanların temel özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, 'e kolojik Sistemler Kuramı? temel alınarak
aile, akran grupları, okul ve medya sistemleri arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimler ve bu sistemlerin her birinin
akran zorbalığına olan özgün katkısı gözden geçirilmiştir. Yöntem: Akran zorbalığı konusundaki
yayınlar temel veri tabanları (PsychInfo, PubMed, Ebscohost) kullanılarak taranmıştır. Bulgular:
Araştırmalar, akran zorbalığının çocukların ve ergenlerin bireysel özelliklerinden kaynaklanan tek yönlü
bir problemden öte; aile, okul atmosferi, öğretmen tutumu, arkadaş ilişkileri ve içinde yaşanılan kültürün
de rol oynadığı çok boyutlu ve karmaşık bir problem olduğunu göstermektedir. Özetle, akran zorbalığı
soyutlanmış bir bireysel olay değil, bireysel faktörler ile çocuğun ve ergenin ilişkide olduğu kişiler ve
çevresi ile etkileşiminin bir ürünüdür. Tartışma: Bu makalede sunulan bilgiler akran zorbalığının önlenmesi
veya etkilerinin azaltılabilmesi için çocuk ve ergenlerin gelişimsel özelliklerine ve ülkemiz koşullarına
uygun müdahale programlarının tasarlanması ve uygulanmasına katkıda bulunacaktır.
Ecological Systems Model as a Framework for Bullying
Objective: Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior that is intentionally and repeatedly performed by
one or more students against another student and characterized by power imbalance. Bullying has
many negative consequences for both bullies and victims. This article first presents the definition, types
and negative effects of bullying as well as the characteristics of bullies and victims. Afterwards, based
on the ?Ecological Systems Theory?, the mutual relationships between individual characteristics of bullies
and victims and the family, peer group, school, socio-cultural values and media systems as well as
the unique contribution of each system on bullying will be discussed. Method: Studies on bullying were
searched by using main databases (PsychInfo, PubMed, Ebscohost). Results: Research indicates that
bullying is not a single phenomenon resulting from children's and adolescents? individual characteristics.
It is rather a result of complex and multi-dimensional phenomenon affected by family characteristics,
school atmosphere, teachers? attitude, peer relations, and culture. Briefly, bullying is not an isolated individual
event but a result of the interaction between individual factors and the people and environment
that the child is in interaction with. Discussion: The information presented in this article will contribute
to the design and utilization of developmentally appropriate and culturally sound prevention programs
in order to prevent bullying or to reduce its negative effects.

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