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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 48; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2011;48(1):22-30
Depresyon Hastalarında Dürtü Kontrol Bozuklukları Eş Tanıları
BB Annagür, L Tamam
Selçuk Üniversitesi Selçuklu Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Konya
Amaç: Depresyon hastalarında Dürtü Kontrol Bozuklukları eş tanılarını ve dürtüselliğin depresyon başlangıcı ve kliniği üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Polikliniğimize bir yıllık süre boyunca ayaktan başvuran 150 depresyon hastası çalışmaya alınmıştır. Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları İçin Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşme Ölçeği, dürtü kontrol bozukluklarını saptamak için Minnesota Dürtü Kontrol Bozukluğu Görüşme Ölçeği, Ruhsal Belirti Tarama Listesi, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği, Zuckerman Heyecan arama Ölçeği, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği-11 ve Duygudurum Bozuklukları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bir yıllık bir süreçte polikliniğimize ayaktan başvuran depresyon hastalarının %34.7'si nde en az bir dürtü kontrol bozukluğu eş tanısı saptanmıştır. Başka Türlü Adlandırılamayan dürtü kontrol bozuklukları dâhil edildiğinde hastaların %56.7'si nde dürtü kontrol bozukluğu eş tanısı saptanmıştır. En sık saptanan Aralıklı Patlayıcı Bozukluk (%31.3), ikinci sırada Deri Yolma (%28), üçüncü sırada Kompülsif Satın Alma (%14)'dır. Dürtü kontrol bozukluğu eş tanısı konan ve konmayan hastalar arasında yaş açısından dürtü kontrol bozukluğu saptanan grupta anlamlı farklılık olup bu hastaların ilk depresyon atak yaşları da daha küçüktür. Cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu ve hastaneye yatış açısından anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Patolojik kumar oynama erkeklerde, kompülsif satın alma kadınlarda daha fazladır. Yaşam boyu özkıyım girişimi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermese de dürtü kontrol bozukluğu saptanan grupta iki kat daha fazladır. Öyküsünde dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan olguların hepsi yaşam boyu en az bir dürtü kontrol bozukluğu tanısı da almışlardır. Depresyon ölçek puanlarında iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olmamakla birlikte belirti tarama listesi puanları, heyecan arama ölçeği puanları, dürtüsellik puanları ve duygudurum bozuklukları ölçek puanları dürtü kontrol bozukluğu saptanan grupta anlamlı olarak yüksek çıkmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçları bir yıllık süreçte polikliniğimize başvuran depresyon hastalarının ortalama üçte birinde DSM-IV'e göre en az bir dürtü kontrol bozukluğu eş tanısı aldıklarını göstermektedir. Dürtü kontrol bozukluklarının oldukça sık oranda görülmesi ve buna bağlı olarak depresyonun seyri sırasında ortaya çıkabilecek komplikasyonlardan kaçınabilmek ve tedavinin şekillenmesi açısından bu bozukluklar tanınmalıdır.
Comorbidity of Impulse Control Disorders Among Patients with Major Depression
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of impulse control disorders among patients with major depression and evaluate the effect of comorbidity on the onset and the clinical course of depression. Methods: The study included 150 consecutive depressive psychiatric patients who have presented to our outpatient clinics within a one- [year] period. A demographic data form has been completed along with a structural clinical interview (SCID-I) to evaluate axis I psychiatric disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV). To determine the impulse control disorders and depression, the Minnesota Impulse Control Disorders Interview and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale have been applied to all patients. Besides, all patients completed the Symptom Check List-90, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale Form-V, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 and the Mood Disorders Questionnaire to help us find out the levels of psychopathology. Results: In a one- [year] period, 34.7% of depressive outpatients in our clinics had at least one comorbid impulse control disorder. The inclusion of patients with a diagnosis of impulse control disorders not otherwise specified increased the rate of comorbid impulse control disorders to 56.7%. The most common impulse control disorder in our sample was intermittent explosive disorder (31.3%) followed by skin picking (28%) and compulsive buying (14%). Depressive patients with a comorbid impulse control disorder had an earlier age of onset of the disorder than patients without any impulse control disorder. There were no differences between the groups in terms of gender, marital status, education level and number of hospitalizations. Pathological gambling was more common in male patients, whereas compulsive buying was more frequently seen in female patients. Lifetime suicide attempt rates were two times more common in depressive patients with comorbid impulse control disorder than in patients without it, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Though there was not any statistically significant difference between these two groups, levels of general psychopathology, impulsivity scores and mood disorder questionnaire scores were significantly higher in patients with comorbid impulse control disorder. Conclusion: The results of this study show that one third of depressive patients who presented to our outpatient clinics within a one- [year] period were diagnosed with at least one lifetime comorbid impulse control disorder according to DSM-IV. Since impulse control disorders are frequently seen, in order to avoid eventual complications in the course of comorbid depression and establish proper treatment plans, close evaluation and recognition of impulse control disorders are necessary.

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