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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 48; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2011;48(1):4-10
Sosyal Fobinin Yaygınlığı: Bir Gözden Geçirme
NÇ Memik, Ö Yıldız, Ü Tural, B Ağaoğlu
Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, İzmit
Sosyal fobi son yıllarda önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu yazının amacı, sosyal fobi yaygınlığına dikkat çekmek ve toplumdaki yaygınlığı ile karşılaştırıldığında sosyal fobi tanısının yetersiz konduğunu vurgulamaktır. On yılda (1999-2009) sosyal fobinin yaygınlığı ile ilgili yapılmış araştırmalar; ?PUBMED? ve ?Medline Centrale? arama motorlarında taranmış ve gözden geçirilmiştir. Sosyal fobinin yaygınlığı ile ilgili yayınlanmış olan yirmiiki araştırma yazısı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar incelendiğinde toplum yaygınlığının ülkeler arasında belirgin farklılık göstererek yaşam boyu yaygınlık oranlarının %0.4 ile %13.7 arasında, oniki aylık yaygınlık oranlarının ise %1.3 ile %7.9 arasında değiştiği, yaşa göre değerlendirildiğinde ise yaygınlık oranlarının 18 yaşın altında %1.6, 18 yaş ve üstünde %0.4-%17 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyete göre yaygınlık oranlarının kadınlarda erkeklerden daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Kültürler arasında sosyal fobi yaygınlığının belirgin farklılık göstermesi önemli bir bulgudur. Bu farklılık çalışmalar arasında desen farkının olmasına bağlı olabileceği gibi, sosyal fobi tanı ölçütlerinin her kültürde geçerli olmayabileceğini de akla getirmektedir. Bunun yanında ölçüm araçlarının, yaygınlığın ölçüldüğü zaman diliminin ve yaş gruplarının her bir araştırmada farklı olmasının da bu sonuca yol açabileceği düşünülmüştür. Sosyal fobi yaygın olup önemli bir toplum sağlığı sorunudur. Bireysel ve toplumsal düzeyde sosyal, mesleki ve ekonomik sorunlara yol açması nedeniyle bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar artırılmalıdır.
Prevalence of Social Phobia: A Review
Social phobia has been considered as a major public health problem in recent [year]s. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to prevalence of socialphobia and to emphasize the paucity in diagnosis of social phobia in daily practice in comparison to expected community prevalence. By using PUBMED and Medline Centrale search engines, community based prevalence studies of social phobia over the decade (1999-2009) were evaluated. Twenty-two research articles studied the community prevalence of social phobia were evaluated. Lifetime prevalence of social phobia is diverse across the nations within a range of 0.4-13.7% as well as twelve [month]s prevalence 1.3-7.9%. When it was evaluated as age it was seen that the prevalence rates under and over sixteen [year]s old were 1.6% and 0.4-17%. It was clearly seen that the prevalence rates were higher in women than men across the studies. It was an important finding that social phobia prevalence has been exhibiting prominent discrepancy between different cultures. This discrepancy may be originated from the methodological differences between studies or it suggests that diagnostic criteria of social phobia do not work in different cultures. In addition, it should be kept in mind that the difference in the measurement tools, the time period when the prevalence was measured, and the age in each research should lead to this result. Social phobia is a common and known as one of a major public health problem. Because of it causes social, vocational and economic problems in individual and social level, it is so clear that number of studies about social phobia should be increased.

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