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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(4):351-353
Antipsikotik Kullanımına Bağlı Bilateral Temporomandibuler Eklem Dislokasyonu
BB Annagür, L Tamam
Selçuk Üniversitesi, Selçuklu Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Konya
Akut distoni antipsikotik tedavi sırasında genellikle ilk olarak ortaya çıkan ve en dramatik seyreden ekstrapiramidal sistem yan etkisidir. Distoniler, istemsiz, sürekli veya spazmodik kas kasılmalarıdır. Anormal kıvrılmalara, ritmik hareketlere ve değişik postürlere sebep olabilirler. Genelikle baş ve boyun kaslarını tutar. Akut distoni psikiyatrik bir acildir ve hastanın yaşamsal fonksiyonlarını etkileyebilir. Genellikle tedaviye çabuk yanıt verir. Ancak kimi zaman tedaviye geç yanıt veren durumlar ve beklenmedik komplikasyonlar ortaya çıkabilir. Bu komplikasyonlardan birisi de temporomandibular eklem dislokasyonudur. Bu yazıda zuklopentiksolun depo formunun intramüsküler uygulaması sonrasında akut distoni gelişen ve tedaviye karşın düzelme görülmemesi üzerine yapılan incelemelerde bilateral temporomandibular eklem dislokasyonu olduğu saptanan bir olgu aktarılmıştır. Bu olguda endikasyon dışı antipsikotik kullanıldığı için yan etki ve komplikasyonlar daha dramatik ve uzun sürmüştür. Temporomandibular eklem dislokasyonu geliştiği zaman distoni tedavisine yanıt alınamadığı yanılgısı oluşabilir. Klinisyenler antipsikotik ilaçların yan etkileri ve yan etkilerin neden olduğu komplikasyonlar açısından dikkatli olmalıdır.
Bilateral Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation Associated with Use of Anti-psychotic Drug
Acute dystonia is the most dramatic extrapyramidal side effect and occurs as the first adverse effect of neuroleptics during the antipsychotic drug therapy. Dystonias are involuntary, continuous or spasmodic contractions of muscles. They may cause abnormal twisting, rhythmic movements and abnormal postures. They generally affect the head and neck muscles. Acute dystonia is a situation of psychiatric emergency and may affect vital functions of the patients. Acute dystonia quickly responses to treatment, however, some cases may give late response to treatment and unexpected complications may occur. One of these complications is dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. In this report, we present a case, which developed acute dystonia after a depot injection of intramuscular zuclopenthixol and was diagnosed with bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation during further investigations, which were conducted as the case did not improve despite the treatment. In this case, the adverse effects and complications were more dramatic and prolonged due to the unwarranted administration of antipyschotic drug. Development of temporomandibular joint dislocation may be misleading in that dystonia is unresponsive to treatment. Clinicians should be careful about the side effects of neuroleptics and the complications caused by these side effects.

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