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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(4):338-343
Submaksimal Uyarımla Elde Edilen İki Tepeli Ortodromik Duysal Yanıtların Hastalık Süreçlerine Yönelik Elektrofizyolojik İncelemelerde Kullanılması
PD Yalınay, ZÜ Acar, N Dinçağ, AE Öge
Acıbadem Bakırköy Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Submaksimal uyarımla elde edilen çift tepeli ortodromik duysal yanıtlar henüz hasta grupları üzerinde çalışılmamıştır. Bu yöntemle elde edilen ikinci yanıt tepesinin anodal uyarımla ortaya çıktığı ve en distal sinir liflerinden kaynaklandığı ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada klinik olarak ve standart sinir iletim incelemeleri ile polinöropati bulgusu olmayan iki diyabetli hasta grubunda çift tepeli ortodromik duysal yanıtlar araştırıldı. Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza bozuk glukoz toleransı (BGT) olan 20 hasta, tip 2 diyabetes mellitusu (DM) olan 14 hasta ve 25 sağlıklı gönüllü alındı. Dominant olmayan tarafta motor iletim incelemelerine ek olarak median sinirde ortodromik çift tepeli duysal yanıtlar, ortodromik duysal aksiyon potansiyelleri (DAP), sural/radiyal amplitüd oranı ve medial plantar sinir DAP çalışıldı. BGT ve DM hastaları Michigan Diyabetik Nöropati Skalası ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: DM grubunda median sinir duysal distal latansı uzun ve ulnar sinir duysal aksiyon potansiyeli amplitüdü düşük bulundu. Çift tepeli ortodromik duysal yanıt incelemesinde uyarı eşiği ve maksimal uyarı şiddeti, BGT ve DM gruplarında kontrollerden yüksekti. DM grubunda birinci tepe ve ikinci tepe latanslarında uzama saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada çift tepeli duysal yanıtların erken diyabetik polinöropati tanısında standart elektrofizyolojik testlere üstünlüğünü gösteren bulgu saptanmadı. Ancak çalışmanın polinöropati ile uyumlu yakınmaları olan, elektrofizyolojik incelemeleri normal olan gruplarda tekrarlanmasının uygun olacağı düşünüldü. Buna karşılık duysal eşiklerde saptanan farklılıklar nedeniyle, güvenilirliği test edildiği taktirde, eşik belirleme yönteminin erken polinöropati tanısı için umut verici olduğu kanısı edinildi. Bu çalışmada elde edilen elektrofizyolojik bulgular, genel olarak erken dönemde ve iyi kontrol altında olan diyabetiklerde bile polinöropatinin başlamış olduğunu göstermekteydi.
Double Peak Orthodromic Sensory Responses in the Electrophysiological Examination of Pathological Conditions
Objective: Double peak sensory responses elicited with submaximal stimulation is an electrophysiological method that has not been studied previously in pathological conditions. The second peak of the response was claimed to be produced by anodal stimulation and originated from the most distal regions of the nerve fibers. The objective of the study was to test double peak sensory responses in two groups of diabetic patients in two different stages of the disease. Methods: Conventional nerve conduction studies performed in 20 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and in 25 healthy control subjects revealed normal results. Orthodromic double peak sensory responses with submaximal stimulation of the median nerve, sural/radial amplitude ratio and medial plantar nerve orthodromic sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) were also studied in the non-dominant side. IGT and DM patients were evaluated with the Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Scale (MDNS). Results: The mean median nerve sensory distal latency was prolonged and ulnar SNAP amplitude was significantly reduced in DM patients compared to the subjects in the other two groups. DM and IGT patients had higher stimulation thresholds and maximal stimulation intensities than the control subjects. The latencies of the first and second components of the double peak sensory responses were also prolonged in the DM group compared to the other groups. Conclusion: This study did not reveal any result indicating that double peak sensory responses with submaximal stimulation were superior to conventional nerve conduction studies in the detection of early diabetic polyneuropathy. However, the number of subjects included in our study is insufficient for a final decision on this matter, and further studies are needed to include diabetic patients having clinical signs and symptoms of polyneuropathy and normal nerve conduction studies. Stimulation threshold assessment might be a promising tool for the detection of early nerve involvement, if its reproducibility is achieved. This study showed once more that peripheral neuropathy may develop in individuals with diabetes even in early stage and with good glycemic control.

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