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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(4):307-313
Antipsikotik Kullanan Hastalarda Akatizinin Psikiyatrik Belirtiler, İntihar Eğilimi ve Diğer Hareket Bozuklukları ile İlişkisi
B Baskak, AY Yarpuz, HD Özgüven, C Atbaşoğlu
Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı Ankara, Türkiye
Amaç: Akatizinin psikiyatrik belirtiler ve diğer hareket bozukluklarıyla ilişkisi konusundaki görüşler çelişkilidir ve intihar eğilimiyle arasındaki ilişkinin kanıt derecesinin vaka raporları düzeyinde olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı akatizinin diğer hareket bozuklukları, psikiyatrik belirti şiddeti ve intihar eğilimi ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır.

Yöntemler: Yeni bir antipsikotik başlanan ya da antipsikotik dozu yükseltilen ardışık hastalara (N=52), yatışlarının ilk haftasında, Barnes Akatizi Ölçeği (BAÖ) uygulanarak örneklem, akatizisi olan (AG) (N=27) ve akatizisi olmayan (KG) (N=25) gruplara ayrılmıştır. Gruplar birbiriyle; sosyo-demografik özellikler, Kısa Psikiyatrik Değerlendirme Ölçeği (KPDÖ), Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HDDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Anormal İstemsiz Hareketler Ölçeği (AİHÖ), Birleşik Parkinsonizm Derecelendirme Ölçeği-motor muayene (BPDÖ-mm) ve tedavi özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: AG'de , psikiyatrik belirti şiddeti, anksiyete düzeyi, intihar eğilimi ve diskinezi derecesi daha yüksektir. Depresif belirtiler ve parkinsonizm derecesi bakımından farklılık bulunmamıştır. AG'de antipsikotik maruziyeti daha uzun, çoklu antipsikotik kullanımının daha sıktır.

Sonuç: AG'de diskineziler daha şiddetliyken, parkinsonizm belirtilerinin KG'de n farksız olması, parkinsonizm ve akatizinin birbirini maskelediğine ya da patolojik yolaklarının farklı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Anksiyete ve genel psikiyatrik belirti şiddetindeki yükseklik, akatizinin neden olduğu disforiye bağlıdır ya da arada karşılıklı bir ilişki olabilir. Gruplar arasında HDDÖ-toplam puanı bakımından fark yokken, ölçeğin intihar maddesi puanının AG'de daha yüksek bulunması dikkat çekicidir. Bu durum akatizideki intihar eğiliminin, depresif belirtilerden çok anksiyete/disfori ile ilişkili olduğunu ve dürtüsel bir örüntüsünün olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bulgularımız, akatizinin intihar bakımından bir risk etmeni olarak göz ardı edilmemesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Toplam antipsikotik maruziyetinin AG'de KG'de n uzun olması, bilgimiz dâhilinde ilk kez saptanmış bir bulgudur ve daha geniş örneklemlerde araştırılmalıdır.
The Relationship of Akathisia with Psychiatric Symptoms, Suicidality and Other Movement Disorders in Patients on Antipsychotic Treatment
Amaç: Akatizinin psikiyatrik belirtiler ve diger hareket bozukluklariyla iliskisi konusundaki görüsler çeliskilidir ve intihar egilimiyle arasindaki iliskinin kanit derecesinin vaka raporlari düzeyinde oldugu öne sürülmüstür. Bu çalismanin amaci akatizinin diger hareket bozukluklari, psikiyatrik belirti siddeti ve intihar egilimi ile iliskisinin arastirilmasidir.

Yöntemler: Yeni bir antipsikotik baslanan ya da antipsikotik dozu yükseltilen ardisik hastalara (N=52), yatislarinin ilk haftasinda, Barnes Akatizi Ölçegi (BAÖ) uygulanarak örneklem, akatizisi olan (AG) (N=27) ve akatizisi olmayan (KG) (N=25) gruplara ayrilmistir. Gruplar birbiriyle; sosyo-demografik özellikler, Kisa Psikiyatrik Degerlendirme Ölçegi (KPDÖ), Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçegi (HDDÖ), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), Anormal Istemsiz Hareketler Ölçegi (AIHÖ), Birlesik Parkinsonizm Derecelendirme Ölçegi-motor muayene (BPDÖ-mm) ve tedavi özellikleri bakimindan karsilastirilmistir.

Bulgular: AG?de, psikiyatrik belirti siddeti, anksiyete düzeyi, intihar egilimi ve diskinezi derecesi daha yüksektir. Depresif belirtiler ve parkinsonizm derecesi bakimindan farklilik bulunmamistir. AG?de antipsikotik maruziyeti daha uzun, çoklu antipsikotik kullaniminin daha siktir.

Objective: The association of akathisia with psychiatric symptoms and other movement disorders is unclear, and it has been suggested that current evidence degree regarding the relationship between akathisia and suicide is at the level of case-reports. This study aims to investigate the relationship of akathisia with psychiatric symptoms, other movement disorders, and suicidality.

Methods: Consecutive patients (N=52) who were initiated on a new antipsychotic or had a dose increment in the antipsychotic medication were evaluated within the first hospitalization week. The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) was used to identify groups with (AG;N=27) and without (CG;N=25) akathisia. The groups were compared using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS), the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-Motor Exam (UPDRS-me) and in terms of treatment parameters.

Results: The severity of general psychopathology, anxiety, suicidality and dyskinesias were higher in the AG. No difference was found between the groups regarding symptoms of Parkinson's disease and depression. Lifetime antipsychotic exposure was longer, multiple antipsychotic use was more frequent in the AG.

Conclusion: Although the severity of dyskinesias was greater in AG compared to CG, the similar parkinsonian symptoms in the two groups suggest a reciprocal masking of akathisia and parkinsonism and/or different neuro-pathologic pathways. The severity of general psychopathology and anxiety is associated with disphoria caused by akathisia, or a correlative relationship might be present. Suicidal ideation in the absence of higher depressive symptoms in AG suggests that suicidal behavior associated with akathisia may be an impulsive act related to anxiety and/or dysphoria. Our findings indicate that akathisia must be considered as a risk factor for suicide. The lifetime antipsychotic exposure in akathisia must be studied in larger samples.

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