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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(4):286-291
Türk Hukukuna Göre Epilepsi Hastalarının Hakları
SO Özdemir, G Alpagut
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi
Epilepsi hastalığı eğer hastanın ayırt etme gücünü etkilememekte ise sürücü ehliyeti alamama dışında herhangi bir hak sınırlaması bulunmamaktadır. Hastalık ve kullanılan ilaçlar kişinin ayırt etme gücünü etkileyerek onu korunması gereken hale sokuyorsa, vesayet altına alınması gerekir. Bu durumda kendisini borç altına sokacak işlemleri vasisinin izni ile yapacakken, diğer işlemleri kendisi yapabilecek ve tüm haklarını kullanacaktır. Eğer hastalık ayırt etme gücünü ortadan kaldıracak bir etki göstermişse, bu kişiler tam ehliyetsiz olarak kabul edilirler; hiçbir hakkı kullanamayacakları gibi hiçbir işlem de yapamazlar.

Epilepsi hastalığı işverenin işe almada, işin yapılma sürecinde ve işten çıkarmada eşit davranma yükümlülüğü bakımından özellik gösterebilir. Epilepsi hastalığı işçinin doğru bilgi verme yükümlülüğüne uymadığı veya hastalığın çalışmasını etkilemesi ve tedavi edilemez olması ve sakınca arz etmesi koşulu ile işverene haklı nedenle fesih hakkı verebilecek bir hastalık olduğu gibi; işçiye de çalışamaz hale geldiği takdirde haklı fesihle iş sözleşmesini sonlandırma hakkı verir. İş güvenliği kapsamında olan işçiler bakımından da hastalık yetersizlik yaratarak işyerinin normal işleyişini bozmakta ise işverene sözleşmeyi haklı sebeple fesih hakkı verir. Türk hukukuna göre epilepsi hastaları sürücü belgesi alamamaktadır. Halbuki dünya uygulaması kesin bir yasak koymamakta çeşitli ara çözümler sağlayarak, hastaların kendilerini toplumdan dışlanmış addederek gereksiz yere sıkıntılar yaşamalarını da önlemektedir.
Rights of Epileptic Patient According to Turkish Law
If epilepsy does not affect the power of judgment, the patient can exercise any of his/her rights, except for obtaining a driver's license. If the sickness and the medications affect the patient's power of judgment and require protection over him/her, the patient should be placed under guardianship. In this case, the patient uses his/her capacity to incur liability with the consent of his/her guardian. If the sickness completely eliminates the power of judgment, then the patient, as an incompetent, cannot exercise any rights and cannot operate any transaction.

There are some specific characteristics of epilepsy regarding the employer's liability to employees for equal treatment during recruitment, employment, and dismissal. Epilepsy gives the employer the right to terminate the contract in the following cases: the employee does not comply with his/her obligation to provide the correct information about his/her condition; epilepsy affects performance; epilepsy is incurable and causes endangerment. In the meantime, the employee has the right to give a notice of termination of the contract when it becomes impossible for him/her to perform his/her duties. Regarding the employees who have job security, if epilepsy disturbs the usual conduct at the workplace causing inadequate conditions, the employer can terminate the contract.Under the Turkish law system, epileptic patients cannot obtain a driver's license. However, the practice around the world does not completely prohibit the right of epileptics to obtain a driver's license and instead, provides alternatives. These alternatives ensure that the patient does not feel excluded from the society and thus, unnecessary adversities can be avoided.

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