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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2010;3(4):70-80
Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk
R Tükel
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
Obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk (OKB) yineleyen, istenmeyen düşünceler ve törensel davranışlarla giden kronik bir hastalıktır. OKB belirtileri belirgin bir sıkıntı ve işlev kaybına neden olur. Obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin ortaya çıkışı ve sürmesinde, serotonerjik ve dopaminerjik mekanizmaların rol oynadığına ilişkin çeşitli kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. İşlevsel nörogörüntüleme çalışmalarından elde edilen orbitofrontal korteks, anterior singulat, kaudat nükleus ve talamusta anormal nöronal aktiviteyi gösteren bulgular, OKB’de fronta-striatal işlev bozukluğu olduğu yönünde kanıtlar olarak değerlendirilir. OKB hastalarında büyük oranda major depresyon ve diğer anksiyete bozuklukları tabloya eşlik eder. Serotonin gerialım inhibitörleri (SGİ’ler) ve bilişsel-davranışçı terapiler, OKB’nin ilk basamak tedavileridir. SGİ’ler ile tedavi edilen OKB hastalarının yaklaşık %40’ında tedaviye yeterli yanıt alınamaz ve belirtiler sürer. Tedaviye dirençli OKB’de, atipik antipsikotikler gibi diğer ilaç gruplarıyla yapılan güçlendirme tedavileri, öncelikli olarak tercih edilen etkili tedavi uygulamalarıdır. Şiddetli OKB olgularında, mevcut olan tüm terapötik yaklaşımlar denenir ve başarısız olunursa, derin beyin uyarımı ve stereotaktik beyin cerrahisi uygulamaları gündeme gelebilir.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disorder characterized by repetitive, unwanted intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors. The symptoms cause marked distress and interfere with normal functioning. There is considerable evidence that serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms play a role in the origins and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Functional neuroimaging studies of OCD patients which have found an abnormal neuronal activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate, caudate nucleus and thalamus, have provided evidence for frontal-striatal dysfunction in OCD. Patients with OCD are likely to have comorbid major depression and other anxiety disorders. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy are the first-line treatments for OCD. About 40% OCD patients treated with SRIs do not respond adequately to treatment and continue to exhibit symptoms. Effective strategies for managing treatment-resistant OCD consist of augmenting treatment with another medication including atypical antipsychotics. Deep brain stimulation and stereotactic neurosurgery may be used in the treatment of severe OCD cases, where all other available therapeutic approaches have been tried without success.

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