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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2010;3(4):19-30
Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Beyin Görüntüleme
F Karadağ
Pamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Denizli
İşlevsel beyin görüntüleme çalışmaları anksiyete bozukluklarının nörobiyolojik temellerinin anlaşılmasına önemli katkıda bulunmuştur. Çalışmaların bulguları anksiyete bozukluklarının patofizyolojisinde amigdal, anterior singulat korteks ve insulanın rolü konusunda örtüşmektedir. Panik bozukluk, sosyal fobi, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunda otomatik ve aşırı korku yanıtını başlatan amigdal hiperaktivitesinin merkezi bir rolü olduğu, emosyonların düzenlenmesinden sorumlu singulat korteks ve ventral prefrontal korteksin yetersiz işlev gösterdiği düşünülmektedir. Travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda öğrenme, bellek ve sönme fenomenindeki işlevleri nedeniyle hipokampus ventromedial prefrontal korteksin rolü önemlidir. Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta ise beyin görüntüleme çalışmalarının bulguları diğer anksiyete bozukluklarından kısmen farklılık göstermekte, karar verme süreçleri ve yanıt inhibisyonununda işlev gören orbitofrontal korteks ve anterior singulat korteks yanı sıra striatum ve talamus işlev bozukluğu önde gelmektedir. Radyoaktif işaretleyiciler kullanılarak yapılan görüntüleme çalışmaları yaygın anksiyete bozukluğunda GABA, panik bozuklukta serotonin ve GABA, sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu ve obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta serotonin ve dopamin, travma sonrası stres bozukluğunda GABA ve norepinefrinin bu bozukluklardaki rolünü desteklemektedir.
Brain Imaging in Anxiety Disorders
Functional neuroimaging studies have made substantial contribution to understanding of neurobiological basis of anxiety disorders. The results of studies have shown overlapping about the role of the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and insula in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. It has been suggested that amygdala hiperactivity starting automated and exagerated fear response play a central role as well as the insufficiency of venral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex that are responsible from emotion regulation in the etiology of panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stres disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex has important role because of their function of learning, memory and fear extinction in the pathophysiology of post traumatic stres disorder. The findings of neuroimaging studies on OCD have shown partially different from other anxiety disorders; the main findings are the dysfunction of orbitofrontal korteks and anterior cingulate cortex which is participate desicion making proses and response inhibition as well as the dysfunction of striatum and thalamus. The imaging studies using radioligand have supported that the role of GABA in generalized anxiety disorder, serotonine and GABA in panic disorder, serotonine and dopamine in the social anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, GABA and norepinephrine in the post traumatic stress disorder. Besides studies have indicated that may be important microopioid system for post traumatic stress disorder and proactive social peptides for social anxiety disorder.

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