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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 48; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2010;48(4):264-269
İki Farklı Daldan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Mangina Testi Skorlarında Gösterdikleri Performans Farkları
H Can, BE Dikeç, S Karakaş
Uludağ Üniv., Bursa
Amaç: Mangina testi öğrenme güçlüğü, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) ve öğrenme güçlüğü ile birlikte görülen DEHB vak'alarının tanısında kullanılan bir nöropsikometrik araçtır. Bu test "analitik olarak özel görsel algısal yetenekleri" ölçer ve uyarıcının yön, uzaysal yönlenim, büyüklük ve boyutu doğrudan muhakeme etme kapasitesi konusunda ayrıntılı bilgi verir. Çalışmanın amacı mimarlık bölümüne devam eden üniversite öğrencilerinin Mangina test performanslarını, sosyal bilimlerin farklı bölümlerine devam eden öğrencilerinkilerle karşılaştırmaktır. Yöntem: Örneklem 19-30 yaş aralığında (21.65±1.65), Mimarlık veya Sosyal Bilimlerin çeşitli bölümlerinde okuyan 80 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Dışlama ölçütleri düzeltilmemiş görme veya işitme bozukluğu; depresyon, kafa travması öyküsü, geçirilmiş nörolojik ve/veya psikiyatrik rahatsızlık, antidepresan, psikostimülan veya başkaca psikotrop ilâçları almakta veya bunları kısa süre önce bırakmış olma. Mangina-Testi ile analitik görsel algılama; üniversite eğitim-öğretimine ilişkin performans genel başarı puanı, lise dersleri bilgisi ve muhakeme yeteneği Öğrenci Seçme ve Yerleştirme Sınavı (ÖSYM) puanı ile ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: Temel Bileşenler Analizinde, Mangina test puanları ile Üniversiteye Giriş Sınavı toplam puanı aynı faktöre yüklenmiştir. Bağımsız gruplar için t testi sonuçları, öğrenci grupları arasında birikimli ortalama puan açısından anlamlı fark gösterdiğinden, bu değişken Varyans analizinde ortak değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. 2x2 MANCOVA analizi (eğitim görülen bölüm: mimarlık, sosyal bilimler, cinsiyet) öğrenci grupları arasında Mangina-Testi puanları açısından anlamlı fark olduğunu (Wilk's lambda: F(9.67)=2.463, p=.017), Mimarlık öğrencilerinin puanlarının daha yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Tartışma: Çalışma, üniversiteye giriş puanı ile ölçülen özellikler kontrol edildikten sonra dahi mimarlık öğrencilerinin analitik görsel algılama performansının daha yüksek olduğunu bulmuştur. Mevcut çalışma Mangina-Testinin analitik görsel algılama yeteneğinin derecelerini sâdece klinik ör-neklemlerde değil sağlıklı örneklemlerde de ortaya koyabildiğini göstermiştir. Söz konusu iki öğrenim alanının özelikleriyle uyumlu olan bu sonuç, Mangina-Testi'nin Türk toplumu için kurultu geçerliği yönünde ek kanıt oluşturmuştur.
University Students in Two Distinct Branches Show Performance Differences on the Mangina-Test Scores
Objective: The Mangina-Test is a very useful neuropsychometric tool for the diagnosis of varying degrees of Learning Abilities and Disabilities (LD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and comorbid ADHD with LD. This test measures "Analytical-Specific Visual Perceptual Skills" and renders detailed information on the capacity for judging the exact direction, spatial orientation, size and dimension of stimuli pertaining to specific perceptual analysis. The aim of the present study was to compare the Mangina-Test performance of university students who attend Architecture (20 females, 19 males) to those attending the various departments of Social Sciences (20 females, 20 males).

Method: The sample consisted of 80 students who were 19-30 [year]s of age (X=21.65± 1.65) and were attending Architecture or Social Sciences (Departments of Psychology, Sociology, Business Administration, Economics, International Relations, Philosophy). Exclusion criteria were: uncorrected visual deficits, symptoms of depression, head injury, history of neurological and/or psychiatric disorders, taking or having recently stopped antidepressant medications, psychostimulants or other psychotropic drugs. Besides the Mangina-Test scores, Cumulative Grade Point Averages (CGPA) and State-Wide University Entrance Examination (SUEA) scores were also obtained. The latter score represents level of knowledge with regards to the high school curriculum and the capacity to re-

Findings: Principal component analysis was performed to study the factor structure of these scores. The scores of the Mangina-Test and SUEA loaded on the same factor. Since t-test for independent groups also revealed a significant difference (p=.0001) between the student groups, the effect of the "composite" capacity (information on curricular content and the ability to reason) that SUEA scores represent was statistically controlled by using it as a covariate in multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). A 2x2 MANOVA (student group: Architecture/ Social Sciences; sex: male/female) revealed a significant effect of student group (Wilk's lambda: F(9,67)=2.463, p=.017). There was a non significant difference between the student groups on CGPA. In contrast, Architecture students scored significantly higher than Social Sciences students on the Mangina-Test scores that pertain to size and dimension judgments and on mixed judgments where combined size, dimension, direction and spatial orientation analysis of stimuli is critical.

Discussion: Even after controlling for the SUEA score, the Mangina-Test stimuli show selective sensitivity to the "Analytical-Specific Visual Perception" of Architecture and Social Sciences students.

These findings demonstrate that the usefulness of the Mangina-Test is not only for the diagnosis of varying degrees of abilities in normal and disabilities in certain pathological conditions, but also, in the description of the specific perceptual characteristics of normal adult populations enrolled in two different university branches. This result, which is in consistency with these two fields of education, provides additional proof of the Mangina Test in terms of construct validity for Turkish society.

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