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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2005;7(2):73-80
Çocukta intihar girişimleri: Olgu örnekleriyle gözden geçirme
HH Özsan, G Odabaşıoğlu, B Doğangün, ML Kayaalp
İstanbul Üniversitesi\r\nCerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı\r\nve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı
Uzun süre çocuk için intihar kavramından söz edilemeyeceği düşünülmüşse de artık önemli ve sıklığı
giderek artan bir sorun olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yapılan birçok çalışma sonuçlarına göre çocuklarda
ölümle sonuçlanmayan intihar girişimi prevalansı % 1 civarındadır. Ölümle sonuçlanan intihar prevalansı 5-9
yaş arası çocuklarda düşük olup literatürde seyrek olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak çocuk yaş grubunda
intihar ile ilgili istatistiklerin gerçeği yansıtmadığı düşünülmektedir. Çocukta intihar davranışını her zaman
psikiyatrik tanı kategorileri ile açıklamak mümkün değildir. Okulla ilgili başarı ve disiplin sorunları, yaşıt
ilişkilerindeki uyumsuzluklar, ebeveynlerle yaşanan çatışmalar gibi psikososyal etkenler de intihar eylemine
gidişi kolaylaştırabilir. İntihar girişiminde bulunmuş bir çocuğun psikiyatrik olarak değerlendirilmesi de bazı
zorluklar içermektedir. Çocuğun bilişsel gelişim düzeyi, sözel ifade seviyesi, ölümü ve zaman kavramını
algılama biçimi, gerçeği değerlendirme yetisi görüşmeden elde edilecek sonuçları etkileyebilir. Bu yazıda
tamamlanmamış (ölümle sonuçlanmayan) intihar girişiminde bulunan olgu örnekleri ile çocuğa has özellikler
gözden geçirilecek ve çocukta intihar davranışı sıklığı artan bir sorun olarak tekrar vurgulanacaktır.
Suicide attempt in children: A review with case vignettes
Suicide and suicidal behavior among children have increased to epidemic proportions in recent [year]s. Attempted suicide is one of most
common emergencies in child psychiatric practice and its prevalance has been found to be % 1 in many studies. Suicidal ideation is far more
frequent than suicide attempts and that suicide attempts are considerably more frequent than completed suicide in this population. Completed
suicide occurs most commonly in older adolescents but it can also occur in children as young as 6 [year]s old. The prevalance studies are not
thought to reflect the real numbers because of parental underreporting of their children’s suicidal behavior.Controlled studies of completed or
attempted suicide in youth and children suggest some risk factors that correlate with suicidal behavior. The most common psychiatric disorders
as a risk factor for suicide in children are mood, anxiety and conduct disorders. Childhood-onset depressive disorder especially increases
risk for suicidal ideation or attempt. But childhood suicidal behavior are not always associated with a special psychiatric disorder. Controlled
studies indicate that psychological factors such as low levels of communication between parents and children, family discord, disturbances in
peer relationship, school problems and learning difficulties may play an important role in suicide. Physical and sexual abuse, a family history of
suicidal behavior, parental depression and substance abuse, parental psychopathology are all additional risk factors for suicide. Psychosocial
stressors and stressful life events often precede a suicide in childhood period. There are some unique problems encountered in interviewing
children about ideation and behavior, such as the problem of assessing suicidal intent; the impact of the child’s level of cognitive development,
particularly his or her concept of death and time, on the interview and the effects of parents’ attitudes toward the assessment of information
gathering. In this article special features of childhood suicidal behavior are discussed by nonfatal suicidal attempters (8 cases) and the potential
complexity and difficulty in interviewing children will be emphasized.

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