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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(3):267-270
Antikoagulan Tedaviye Bağlı Kas İçi Kanamalar: İleri Yaş Bir Risk Faktörü müdür?
N Çınar, Ş Şahin, A Karaoğlan, S Karşıdağ
Maltepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İstanbul
Oral antikoagülan tedavi (OAT), belli kalp hastalıklarında serebral emboliyi önlemede etkilidir. Hematomlar OAT? nin en önemli komplikasyonudur ve önemli yapılar içine kanama ile hastanın hayatını tehdit edebilmektedirler. Burada, atriyal fibrilasyon ve suni kalp kapakları için verilen warfarin tedavisi sırasında psoas, kuadriseps, pektoral ve rektus abdominis kaslarında lokalize hematomu ve anemisi olan dört hasta bildirilmiştir. Bilgisayarlı tomografi ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme, her olguda kesin tanı koyulmasında yardımcı olmuştur. Hastalarımızın üçü kadın, biri erkekti. Bu süreçte hastaların International normalized ratio (INR) değerleri terapötik pencere içinde bulunmuştur. Hastaların tümü warfarin tedavisi sırasında düşme ya da çarpma gibi küçük travmalara maruz kalmışlardır. Antikoagülan tedavi kanama saptandıktan sonra yaklaşık 1 hafta süreyle kesilmiştir. Üç hastada konservatif tedavi yeterli olduğu halde, rektus abdominis hematomu olan bir hastada retroperitoneal kanama sonucu cerrahi dekompresyon yapılmıştır. Oral antikoagülan tedavi başladıktan sonra takipleri sırasında hastalarda kanama veya diğer komplikasyonlar tekrarlamamıştır. Olgularımızın yaşlı ve minör travma hikayesi olan hastalar olmaları ortak özellikleriydi. Sonuç olarak, biz antikoagülan tedavi altında olan, özellikle ileri yaştaki hastaların, her türlü travma konusunda daha ayrıntılı biçimde uyarılmaları gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.
Intramuscular Hematomas Caused by Anticoagulant Therapy: Is Advanced Age a Risk Factor?
Oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) is very effective in the prevention of cerebral embolism, especially in certain cardiac diseases. Hematomas are the major complication of OAT. It may threaten the patient's life by bleeding into the vital structures. Herein, we describe four patients with hematomas in the psoas, quadriceps, pectoral, or rectus abdominis muscles accompanied by anemia during warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation and artificial heart valves. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging helped us establish a definitive diagnosis in each case. Our patients were three women and one man. Their international normalized ratios were within the therapeutic range during this period. They suffered from minor traumas, such as falls or a hit while taking warfarin therapy. All anticoagulation treatments were discontinued for approximately 1 week after the episode of bleeding. Although conservative management was sufficient for three patients, one patient had surgical decompression due to a rectus abdominis hematoma with retroperitoneal hemorrhage. There were no episodes of bleeding or other complications after starting oral anticoagulant therapy during the follow-up. The common aspects of our cases were older age and a history of minor trauma. As a result, we suggest that special attention needs to be paid to the patients under anticoagulant therapy, especially those at an advanced age, and to warn them avoid trauma.

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