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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(3):223-229
Geniş Lif Nöropatisi Olmayan Tip II Diabetes Mellituslu Hastalarda İnce Lif Hasarının Kantitatif Duyusal Test ile Değerlendirilmesi ve Termal Eşik Normal Değerleri
N Yıldız, N Doğan, S Yıldız, B Altunrende, O Dikbaş
Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Amaç: Kantitatif duyusal test (QST) termal eşik değerlendirmesi ince lif nöropatisinin tespitinde, LANSS skalası da nöropatik ağrı tanısında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kalın lif nöropatisi olmayan tip II diyabetes mellituslu olgularda iki inceleme birlikte yapılarak, uyumlu sonuçlar verip vermedikleri, birbirlerine üstünlüklerinin olup olmadığının araştırılması ve laboratuvarımızın değişik yaş gruplarına ait QST termal eşik değerlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: 20-69 yaş arası kadın ve erkek 100 normal birey ve kalın lif nöropatisi saptanmayan 50 tip II diyabetes mellituslu hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. 20-69 yaş arasında 5 normal grup belirlenmiş ve normal QST termal algı ve termal ağrı algısı ortalamaları saptanmıştır. 40-69 yaş arasında 60 normal birey, diyabetik grupla karşılaştırmak üzere kontrol grubu olarak kullanılmıştır. LANSS skalasına göre nöropatik ağrı tanısı alanlar ve almayanların verileri, yaşları uyumlu kontrol grubu verileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Normal bireylerin ve kontrol grubunun yaş ortalamaları 44.8±14.4 ve 54.7±8.4'dür. Diyabetik grupta yaş ortalaması 55.1±8.5 olan 10 kişi LANSS skalasında>12'nin üzerinde puan almış (14.6 ± 3.5), yaş ortalaması 55.5±8.4 olan 40 kişinin LANSS puanı 12'nin altında kalmıştır (6.8±3.4). LANSS>12 grubunda, en az bir anormallik saptanma oranı % 100 bulunmuş, en fazla anormallik ayak soğuk ağrı algısında saptanmıştır (% 70). LANSS<12 grubunda en az bir anormallik saptanma oranı % 67.5 olarak belirlenmiş ve en fazla anormallik el soğuk ağrı algısında bulunmuştur (% 45).

Sonuç: QST, LANSS skalası ile 12'de n fazla puanı olan büyük olasılıkla nöropatik ağrı tanısı alanlarda termal algı anormalliklerinin varlığını göstermekte başarılı bulunmuştur. QST, ince lif nöropatisi ve nöropatik ağrı tanısında güvenilir ve tekrar edilebilir sonuçlar veren bir testtir. Subjektivite içermesi, periferik ve santral sebepleri ayırmadaki yetersizlikleri nedeniyle nörolojik muayene ve ileti incelemeleri ile birlikte değerlendirilmelidir.
The Evaluation of Small Nerve Fiber Dysfunction with Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus without Large Fiber Neuropathy, and Normal Values for Thermal Thresholds
Objective: Quantitative sensory testing (QST) thermal threshold evaluation is used in order to determine small fiber neuropathy, and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) Pain Scale is used in diagnosing neuropathic pain. The aim of this study is to find out the normal QST thermal threshold values, and to compare the QST values of normal controls and patients with type II diabetes mellitus, who do not have large fiber neuropathy. With this comparison, the study also aims to determine whether QST abnormalities are present in patients without neuropathic pain.

Methods: A total of one hundred normal subjects between the ages of 20 and 69, and 50 patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 40 to 69 [year]s with no sign of large fiber neuropathy were recruited. The normal subjects were divided into 5 subgroups according to their ages. The mean values of the QST thermal detection and thermal pain thresholds were determined. Sixty normal subjects between the ages of 40-69 were defined as a control group for comparison with the diabetic group. The patients were divided into subgroups according to their LANSS points and their data were compared with the data of age-matched controls.

Results: The mean ages of total normal subjects and the control group were 44.8±14.4 and 57.4±8.4, respectively. In diabetic group, according to LANSS, 10 patients (mean age, 55.1±8.5 [year]s) scored above 12 (14.6 ± 3.5), and 40 patients (mean age, 55.5±8.4 [year]s) scored under 12 points (6.8±3.4). In the LANSS>12 group, the least abnormality rate was 100 %, and the most frequently detected abnormality was in the foot cold pain threshold (70%). In the LANSS<12 group, the least abnormality rate was 67.5%, and the most frequently detected abnormality was in the hand cold pain threshold (45%).

Conclusion: It was demonstrated that QST was successful in determining thermal detection abnormalities in all patients with probable neuropathic pain according to LANSS Pain Scale. QST is a test, which gives reliable and reproducible results in the diagnosis of small fiber sensory neuropathy. Because of its subjectivity and inefficacy in differentiation of peripheral and central causes, QST findings should be evaluated together with findings of neurological examination and nerve conduction studies.

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