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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(3):201-206
Farklı Bir Demans Sendromu: Posterior Kortikal Atrofi: Klinik, Kognitif Değerlendirme ve Beyin Spect Bulguları
BD Çolakoğlu, P Kurt, GÇ Kaya, G :Yener
Dokuz Eylul Üniv. Tıp Fak. İzmir
Amaç: Posterior kortikal atrofi, kortikal vizüel disfonksiyon bulguları ile başlayan ve nadir görülen bir demans sendromudur. Hastalığın ana klinik görünümü Balint sendromu, Gerstmann sendromu, vizüel agnozi, aleksi, agrafi ve transkortikal sensoriyel afaziyi içerir. Biz bu çalışmada PKA ön tanılı hastalarımızın klinik özelliklerini ve beyin SPECT bulgularını belirlemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya DEÜTF Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı Demans polikliniğinde izlenen, klinik olarak PKA düşünülen, ayrıntılı kognitif testleri yapılan ve aynı zamanda beyin SPECT incelemesi yapılmış olan olgular alındı. Toplam 1105 olgunun dosyası tarandı ve bunların arasından klinik olarak PKA düşünülen 9 olguya ulaşıldı.

Bulgular: Presenil yaşlarda başlangıç, görsel uzamsal yeteneklerdeki kayıpların amnestik tablodan daha belirgin olması, vizüel agnozinin erken dönemde saptanması, depresyonun, erken dönemde apraksinin eşlik etmesi, konuşma akıcılığının iyi olması PKA'yı düşündürecek özellikler arasındadır. Beyin SPECT incelemesi de PKA tanısı düşünülen hastalarda oldukça yararlı bir inceleme yöntemidir. Posterior beyin bölgelerinde hipoperfüzyon saptanan hastalar, PKA açısından değerlendirilmelidir.

Sonuç: Olguların yaş ortalaması 59.11±4.1 yıl, hastalığın başlangıç yaşı 55.83±4.97 yıldı ve tümü kadındı. 8 olguda tüm bileşenleriyle Gerstmann sendromu varken, 7 olguda simultanagnozi saptandı. Olguların tamamında sözel belleklerindeki bozulmadan daha belirgin olan ağır görsel bellek bozukluğu vardı. Tüm olgularda görsel mekansal işlevler ileri derecede bozulmuştu. Şekil kopyalama olguların tümünde ileri derecede bozulmuştu. Saat çizimi ya tamamlanamadı ya da ileri düzeyde bozuktu. Sekiz hastanın ideomotor apraksisi vardı. Konuşma tüm olgularda akıcıydı, 8 olguda yakınmaların başlangıcı ile eş zamanlı olarak depresyon saptandı. Beyin SPECT incelemesinde posterior temporal, paryetal ya da oksipital loblarda hipoperfüzyon izlendi. Perfüzyon bozukluğu 6 olguda asimetrikti.
A Distinct Dementia Syndrome: Posterior Cortical Atrophy: Clinical and Cognitive Assesment, and Brain Spect Findings
Objective: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare dementia syndrome that presents primarily with signs of cortical visual dysfunction. The main clinical

features of the disease include Balint's syndrome, Gerstmann's syndrome, visual agnosia, alexia, agraphia, and transcortical sensory aphasia. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and the brain single proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings of patients clinically diagnosed as having PCA.

Methods: The subjects followed in the dementia outpatient clinic of neurology department, Dokuz Eylül University Hospital, suspected to have PCA and who have undergone cognitive testing and brain SPECT inspection were included in the study. Records of a total of 1105 subjects were screened and among them, nine patients who were clinically thought to have PCA were reached.

Results: The presenile age onset, more prominent loss of visuospatial abilities than amnestic feature, early detection of visual agnosia, comorbidity of depression and apraxia in early term, fluent speech are among the symptoms that preoccupy PCA. Brain SPECT is a useful examination method in patients suspected to have PCA. Patients with hypoperfusion in the posterior brain regions also must be taken into account in terms of recognizing clinical features of PCA.

Conclusion: The mean age of the subjects was 59.11±4.1 [year]s, onset of the disease was 55.83±4.97 [year]s and all patients were female. Eight cases had Gerstmann's syndrome with all components, whereas in seven of them simultanagnosia was established. They had severe visual memory defect, which was more prominent than verbal memory defect. Visual-spatial functions were extremely deteriorated in all patients. Figure copying was severely worsened in all patients. Clock drawing was either not accomplished or was severely bad. Eight patients had ideomotor apraxia. Speech was fluent in all patients. Eight patients had depression that simultaneously developed with the onset of the complaints. Brain SPECT revealed either unilateral or bilateral hypoperfusion in the posterior temporal, parietal or occipital lobes.

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