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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2009;16(1):37-50
Yaygın gelişimsel Bozukluklarda Psikofarmakoloji: Son On Yılın Yazın Bilgilerinin Gözden Geçirilmesi
ÖY Öç, I Karakaya , ŞG Şişmanlar
Kocaeli Üniv. Tıp Fak
Amaç: Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluk (YGB) ve eşlik eden belirtilerin etyolojisinde rol oynadığı düşünülen nörokimyasal sistemler ve bu sistemler üzerinden etkili farmakolojik tedavi yaklaşımları ile ilgili yazın bilgilerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Pubmed arama motoru kullanılarak YGB’da farmakoterapi ile ilgili son on yıldaki randomize, çift kör ya da açık, plasebo ya da başka bir farmakolojik ajan ile karşılaştırmanın yapıldığı, deneklerin alt tip tanılarının iyi tanımlandığı, farmakoterapiye yanıtın en az bir standardize ölçüm yöntemiyle değerlendirildiği, İngilizce olarak yayınlanmış 49 klinik araştırmanın sonuçları incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Etkinlik ve tolerabilitenin değerlendirildiği ilaç grupları atipik antipsikotikler, antidepresanlar, psikostimülanlar ve atomoksetin, antiepileptikler, nonkompetatif Glutamat N-metil-D-aspartat (NMDA) antagonistleri ve alfa-adrenerjik agonistler olarak saptanmıştır. Tartışma: Tüm çalışmaların sonucunda halen otizmin ana belirtilerini ortadan kaldıran bir ilaç tedavisinin olmadığı, tedavide hedef belirtilere odaklanılması gerektiği söylenebilir. YGB’de farmakolojik tedavi sırasında YGB olmayan çocuklara göre daha düşük tedavi yanıtı alınabileceği ve yan etkilerin daha sık ortaya çıkabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Gelecekte YGB’ye özgü birden çok standardize ölçek kullanılarak YGB’nin tüm alt gruplarının değerlendirildiği, geniş örneklem sayısı ile yapılacak uzun dönemli plasebo kontrollü çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Pharmacological Treatment of Pervasive Developmental Disorders: A Review of The Past Ten [year]s
Objective: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the literature about the probable neurochemical systems in the etiology of PDD and associated symptoms, and the effects of pharmacological agents on these systems. Method: The entire PubMed database was searched for English [language] and 49 papers about the results of PDD pharmacotherapy in the past ten [year]s were found. Results: Atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, psychostimulants and atomoxetine, antiepileptics, NMDA and alpha–adrenergic agonists were the agents which had been evaluated for their effects and tolerability. Discussion: It is accepted that there was no drug that is effective for resolving the core symptoms of autism. The whole treatments aimed relieving the target symptoms of PDD with minimal side effects. It should be kept in mind that treatment efficacy was less and more side effects were seen in children with PDD compared to children without PDD. Placebo controlled, long-term follow up studies which use standardized assessment methods involving all PDD subgroups with large patient populations are needed.

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