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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(2):91-95
Demans Hastalarında Üç Farklı Saat Çizme Testinin Türkçe Uyarlamalarının Psikometrik Özellikleri
SS Can, ETÖ Kızıl, M Varlı, E Turan, T Atlı
Ankara Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi
Amaç: Saat Çizme Testi (SÇT) birçok nöropsikolojik bileşeni değerlendiren ve demans taramasında yaygın olarak kullanılan pratik bir araçtır. SÇT için birçok farklı uygulama ve puanlama yöntemi önerilmiştir. Ancak, henüz tek bir yöntem üzerinde görüş birliğine varılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, en sık kullanılan üç SÇT'nin (Shulman, Sunderland ve Watson) Türkçe uyarlamalarının psikometrik özelliklerinin araştırılması ve demans tanısını yordama güçleri bakımından birbirleri ve Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT) ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya bir üniversite hastanesinin Geropsikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran ve demans tanısı alan yaşlı hastalar (n=65) ile Geriatri polikliniğine başvuran ve demansı olmayan yaşlılar (n=112) alınmıştır. Katılımcılara SMMT ve SÇT uygulanmıştır. SÇT'de daire üzerine saatin rakamları ve kollarını saat 11'i 10 geçeyi gösterecek biçimde çizmeleri istenmiştir. SÇT'ler tanıya kör iki değerlendirici tarafından Shulman, Sunderland ve Watson SÇT puanlama yönergelerine göre puanlanmıştır. SÇT'lerin ayırdedici geçerliği, aynılık geçerliği, değerlendiriciler arası güvenirliği değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca ROC analizi ile kesme puanları, duyarlık ve özgüllük değerleri hesaplanmış, ROC eğrileri altında kalan alanlar karşılaştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Demans ve kontrol grubu arasında SÇT puanları açısından anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. SÇT ile SMMT puanları arasında anlamlı korrelasyon saptanmıştır. Üç SÇT'nin de demans tanısında duyarlılıklarının yüksek olduğu, Watson SÇT'nin özgüllüğünün düşük olduğu görülmüştür. SMMT için ROC eğrisi altında kalan alanın SÇT'lere göre daha fazla, Watson SÇT için ise eğri altında kalan alanın diğer SÇT'lere göre daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. SMMT ile Shulman/Sunderland SÇT'ler beraber kullanıldığında duyarlılığın %100'e çıktığı bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Her üç SÇT'nin Türkçe versiyonları demans riskini belirlemede tarama aracı olarak kullanılabilir. Shulman veya Sunderland yöntemleri özgüllükleri ve yordama güçleri daha fazla olduğundan, Watson SÇT'ye tercih edilebilir.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Versions of Three Different Clock Drawing Tests in Patients with Dementia
Objective: Clock Drawing Test (CDT) has been widely used in dementia screening as a practical and valid tool assessing various neuropsychological domains. Many scoring systems requiring different instructions and methodologies were proposed for CDT and there are several studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of these methods. However, there is still no clear agreement on which one is the best for clinical and research settings. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish versions of the three most commonly used CDTs (Shulman's , Sunderland's and Watson's CDTs) and to compare their diagnostic accuracy with each other and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Methods: The study sample consisted of elderly patients with dementia (n=65) and healthy controls (n=112) who were admitted to the Department of Geriatric Psychiatry and Geriatrics of a University hospital. The subjects were administered MMSE and CDT. In CDTs, the subjects were asked to place the numbers and the hands of a clock in a pre-drawn circle showing the time setting for the clock as ?10 after 11?. CDTs were scored according to three different CDT scoring methods (Shulman, Sunderland and Watson) by two blinded raters. Discriminant and concurrent validity and interrater reliability were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was also performed to calculate cut-off scores and sensitivity/specificity values. Areas under the curve (AUCs) of CDTs were compared.

Results: The mean scores of all CDTs were significantly different in dementia patients compared to the controls. CDT scores were significantly correlated with MMSE scores. All CDTs had high sensitivity values, while Watson's CDT had lower specificity. AUC value for MMSE was higher than that for CDTs and AUC value for Watson's CDT was lower than the values for the other two CDTs. When Shulman/Sunderland CDTs were used together with MMSE, the sensitivity increased up to 100%.

Conclusion: The Turkish versions of all three CDTs can be used in dementia screening. Shulman's or Sunderland's CDT may be preferred to Watson's CDT, since they have higher specificity and diagnostic accuracy.

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