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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 47; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2010;47(2):88-90
Erken Dönem Relapsing-Remitting Multipl Skleroz Hastalarında Bilişsel İşlev Bozuklukları
HD Keklikoğlu, TK Yoldaş,Ö Zengin, EB Solak, S Keskin
D?flkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Amaç: Bilişsel bozukluk multipl skleroz hastalığının her döneminde ve her tipinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Relapsing-remitting multipl skleroz (RRMS) hastalarında bilişsel işlev bozukluk oranları ve özelliklerini araştıran çalışmalarda % 32 ile % 70 arasında değişen sonuçlar saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar arasındaki bu büyük fark her çalışmada farklı test ve hasta grubunun kullanılmış olmasına bağlanmaktadır. Bizim bu çalışmadaki amacımız ülkemizde yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olan nöropsikolojik testlerle erken dönem RRMS hastalarında bilişsel etkilenme sıklığı ve özelliklerini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya RRMS tanısıyla izlenmekte olan, hastalık süresi 5 yıl ve altındaki hastalar alınmıştır. Tüm hastaların klinik ve demografik özellikleri kaydedilmiştir. Hastalara önce Hamilton Depresyon Ölçeği (HDÖ) verilmiş ve buna göre depresyon saptanmamış olan hastalara sırasıyla Standardize Mini Mental Test (SMMT), Frenchay Afazi Tarama Testi (FATT) ve Alzheimer Hastalığını Değerlendirme Skalası-Kognitif Alt Skoru (ADAS-cog) testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Kırk bir (% 61.2) kadın ve 26 (% 38.8) erkek hasta olmak üzere çalışmaya toplam 67 RRMS hastası alınmıştır. HDÖ uygulamasında 17 (% 23.4) hastada depresyon saptanmıştır. Depresyonu olmayan 50 hastaya uygulanan SMMT sonucuna göre 7 (% 14) hastada, ADAS-cog değerlendirmesine göre 22 (% 44) hastada bilişsel bozukluk saptanmıştır. FATT uygulaması sonucu 1 (% 2) hastada afazi saptanmıştır. Bilişsel işlevler ile klinik özellikler , EDSS puanları ya da kranyal manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG)'de saptanan lezyon sayısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.

Sonuç: Bizim sonuçlarımıza göre erken dönem RRMS hastalarında % 44 oranında bilişsel etkilenme saptanmıştır. Bilişsel işlevler ile klinik bulgular, EDSS ve MRG lezyon sayısı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.
Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in every phase and every type of multiple sclerosis. Different results, between 32% and 70%, have been reported in studies on the incidence and characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This big difference is explained by the use of different neuropsychological tests and different patient groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with early RRMS by applying standardized Turkish neuropsychological tests, commonly used in our country.

Methods: 67 patients followed with diagnosis of RRMS and with disease duration up to 5 [year]s were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evaluation. Functional deficits of the subjects were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The patients without depression according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), underwent the Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test (FAST), the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMME) and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). All results were assessed statistically.

Results: Out of 67 RRMS patients (41 women, 26 men) evaluated in this study, 17 (23.4%) patients had depression. Of the rest 50 patients, 7 (14%) had a cognitive impairment according to SMME, 22 (44%) patients had cognitive impairment according to ADAS-cog and 1 patients had aphasia according to FAST. No

statistically significant correlation was observed between cognitive impairment and clinical features, EDSS score or cranial MRI lesion load.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that 44% of patients with early RRMS had cognitive impairment. There was no statistically significant correlation between cognitive impairment, EDSS score or number of lesions on cranial MRI.

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