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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2010;3(2):24-29
Genetikten Epigenetiğe Şizofrenide Kalıtsallık
AC Şengül, H Herken
Pamukkale Ü. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, Denizli
Şizofreninin yüksek derecede kalıtsal bir hastalık olması, pozisyonel genetiği kullanarak şüphelenilen genlerin aydınlatılması için birçok çalışmanın yapılmasını tetiklemiştir. Şizofreninin genetik diseksiyonu için aday gen çalışmaları da ayrıca kullanılmaktadır. Bu iki yaklaşımın son 20 yılda hastalık patofizyolojisini anlamamızda önemli etkisi olmuştur. Şizofrenide tüm genomun incelendiği ilişkilendirme çalışmaları ve kopya sayısı değişikliklerinin tespiti de yakın gelecekte önemli katkı sağlayabilecektir. Yeni çalışmalar, epigenetik mekanizmaların veya DNA'nın kimyasal belirteçlerinin ve onu çevreleyen histon proteinlerinin yaşam boyu değişken olduğunu ve çevresel faktörler tarafından değiştirilebileceğini göstermiştir. Epigenetik mekanizmalar, çevresel koşulların şizofreniye etkisini açıklayan cazip bir moleküler hipotez olmuştur. Bu yazıda, biz klasik genetik çalışmalardan yeni epigenetik yaklaşımlara kadar şizofrenideki genetik çalışmaların gelişimini gözden geçirdik.
From Genetics To Epigenetics: Heritability In Schizophrenia
The high heritability of schizophrenia has stimulated much work aimed at identifying susceptibility genes using positional genetics. Candidate gene approaches are also being used for the genetic dissection of schizophrenia. These two approaches had a major impact on our understanding of disease pathophysiology in last 2 decades. Genome wide association and copy number variation studies are new genetic techniques and they would probably provide us important information in the near future. Recent work indicates that epigenetic mechanisms or the chemical markings of the DNA and the surrounding histone proteins remain labile through the lifespan and can be altered by environmental factors. Thus, epigenetic mechanisms are an attractive molecular hypothesis for environmental contributions to schizophrenia. In this report we aimed to review progress of genetic studies in schizophrenia from classical genetic studies to new epigenetic approaches.

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