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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 46; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2009;46(Özel):1-9
Şizofreni Etiyolojisinde Psiko-Sosyal Etmenlerin Rolü: Antipsikiyatriden Gen Çevre Etkileşimine
B Baskak, C Atbaşoğlu, MC Saka
Ankara Ü. Tıp Fakültesi
Şizofreni etiyolojisinde psiko-sosyal etmenlerin rolü, 70 yılı aşkın bir süredir, göreceli olarak az sayıda araştırmaya konu olmuştur. Sosyal etmenlerle şizofreninin ilişkisi araştırıldığı dönemin sosyo-politik özelliklerinden etkilenerek ve baskın psikiyatrik görüşün ışığında yorumlanmış ya da ihmal edilmiştir. Yakın dönemlerde gündeme gelen gen çevre etkileşimi modelleri bu ilişkiyi daha nesnel olarak yorumlamamıza olanak vermiştir. Kentleşme hızı dünya genelinde globalleşme sürecine bağlı olarak giderek artmaktadır ve kentleşme şizofreni sıklığının üçte bire yakın bir bölümünü orta etki büyüklüğüyle etkileyen önemli bir risk belirtecidir. Bu nedenle kentleşme ya da ilişkili olduğu risk etmen(ler)inin araştırılması şizofreni etiyolojisinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında önce psiko-sosyal etmenlerin şizofreni etiyolojisinde tarihsel olarak nasıl ele alındığı özetlenecek, daha sonra gen çevre etkileşimi modeli tanıtılacaktır. Kentleşme ve sosyal sermayenin şizofreni ile ilişkisi gen çevre etkileşimi modeli çerçevesinde yorumlanacak ve son olarak eldeki verilerin ne derecede nedenselliğe işaret ediyor olabileceği tartışılacaktır.
The Role of Psychosocial Factors in Etiology of Schizophrenia: From Antipsychiatry to Gene-Environment Interactions
Psychosocial factors in the etiology of schizophrenia had been a subject of research for more than 70 [year]s, but in relatively limited number of studies. This relationship had been interpreted and/or neglected depending on the socio-politic preferences of the decade and the dominant psychiatric notion of the period. Recently, gene-environment interaction models allowed us to approach the issue more objectively. Urbanization has an increasing rate worldwide and is an important risk indicator that might be affecting, with a modest effect size, one third of schizophrenia incidences. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the risk factor(s) related to urbanization in order to better understand the etiology of schizophrenia. This review begins with a chronologic summary of discussions on the psychosocial factors in schizophrenia and proceeds by introducing the model of gene-environment interactions. The association between urbanization, social capital and schizophrenia will later be reviewed in terms of gene-environment interactions and finally, we are going to discuss the causal relationship between urbanization and schizophrenia.

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