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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2010;21(1):60-67
Depresif Realizm: Mutluluk ya da Nesnellik
F Birinci, G Dirik
Gemlik Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezi Özel Eğitim Bl.
Gerçekçilik, bireyin dünyaya ilişkin değerlendirmesinin ve yargılarının nesnel olması olarak tanımlanır. Oysa kimi araştırmalar 'normal? kabul edilen bireylerin gerçeği algılarken, algılamalarını kendilerini kayıracak şekilde çarpıttıklarını göstermiştir. Bu türden bir bilişsel çarpıklığa depresif bireylerde daha az rastlandığı yönündeki araştırma bulguları ise, 'de presif Realizm Hipotezi'nin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu hipotezin doğruluğunu test etmek üzere yapılan çalışmaların bir kısmında depresif bireylerin gerçekliği daha nesnel olarak değerlendirdiği yönünde bulgular elde edilirken, araştırmaların bir kısmında ise depresif realizm hipotezi desteklenememiştir. Farklı deneysel düzeneklerde neden tutarlı sonuçların ortaya çıkmadığını açıklamak üzere belli başlı açıklamalar getirilmiştir. Bunlardan önemli bir tanesi konu ile ilgili kimi araştırmalarda neyin ?gerçekçi? olarak kabul edildiğinin nesnellikten uzak ya da belirsiz olmasıyla ilgilidir. Bir diğer bakış açısına göre bu araştırmalarda kullanılan 'de presif? ifadesi tam olarak bilimsel tanılama kriterlerini karşılamaktan uzaktır. Başka bir görüşe göre ise depresif realizm hipotezini destekleyecek yönde bulgulara ulaşan araştırmalar, sonuçları sadece o araştırma düzeneği içinde geçerli olabilecek, gerçek sosyal yaşamdaki durumlara genellenemeyecek sonuçlar içermektedir. Hipotezi açıklamak üzere ortaya atılan "genel negatiflik" ve "sınırlı işlemleme" kavramları konu ile ilgili popüler yaklaşımlardır. Konu ile ilgili tartışmalar günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Bu makalede depresif realizm ile ilgili sıklıkla atıfta bulunulan araştırmalar incelenmekte ve bulgular ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmaktadır.
Depressive Realism: Happiness or Objectivity
Realism is described as objective evaluations and judgments about the world; however, some research indicates that judgments made by ?normal? people include a self-favored, positive bias in the perception of reality. Additionally, some studies report that compared to normal people, such cognitive distortions are less likely among depressive people. These findings gave rise to the depressive realism hypothesis. While results of several studies verify the notion that depressive people evaluate reality more objectively, other studies fail to support this hypothesis.

Several causes for these inconsistent findings have been proposed, which can be characterized under 3 headings. One proposed explanation suggests that what is accepted as ?realistic? in these studies is not quite objective and is in fact ambiguous. According to another perspective, the term ?depressive? used in these studies is inconsistent with the criteria of scientific diagnostic methods. Another suggests that the research results can only be obtained under the specific experimental conditions.

General negativity and limited processing are popular approaches used for explaining the depressive realism hypothesis. Nowadays, the debate over this hypothesis continues. The present review focuses on frequently cited research related to depressive realism and discusses the findings.

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