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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 21; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2010;21(1):37-48
Yaşlılar İçin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Modülü WHOQOL-OLD: Türkiye Alan Çalışması Türkçe Sürüm Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Sonuçları
S Eser, G Saatli, E Eser, H Baydur, C Fidaner
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, WHOQOL'un yaşlılara yönelik modülü olan WHOQOL-OLD'un Türkçe sürümünün güvenirlik ve geçerliğini test etmektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: D.S.Ö. Yaşam Kalitesi Yaşlı modülü (WHOQOL-OLD) yaşlı topluma yönelik epidemiyolojik araştırmalar ile klinik müdahale çalışmalarında, WHOQOL'a ek olarak kullanılmak üzere Türkiye'nin de içinde bulunduğu çok merkezli bir proje ile geliştirilmiştir. WHOQOL-OLD modülü, altı boyut (Özerklik, Geçmiş Bugün Gelecek Faaliyetleri, Sosyal katılım, Ölüm ve ölmek ve Yakınlık) içinde, 24 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Manisa merkez ilçede yaşayan 65 ve üstü 527 yaşlıdan oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada kullanılan paralel ölçekler WHOQOL-BREF ve Yaşlı Depresyon Ölçeği (GDS)'dir. Güvenirlik analizi iç tutarlığının hesaplanmasını (Cronbach alfa) ve soru analizini içermektedir. Geçerlik analizleri, iç ve dış geçerlik testlerinden oluşmaktadır. Yapısal geçerlik testi olarak, her soru için birleşim (convergent) ve ayrışım (divergent) geçerlik analizleri ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Kriter geçerliğinin değerlendirilmesi için çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ve bilinen gruplar geçerliliği (t testi ve etki büyüklüğü) kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde SPSS 11.0 sürümü ve Lisrel 8.5 sürümü kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Ankete katılanların ortalama yaşı 71.06 ± 5.20 (minimum 65 - maksimum 96), olup % 54.5'i kadındır, % 60.5'i sağlığının bozuk olduğunu belirtmiştir. Ölçeğin toplam puan ortalaması 56.02±11.86'dır. Boyut puanlarının tümünde ve genel puanda gözlenen tavan ve taban etkisi, kabul edilebilir düzeydedir (<% 5). Genel ölçek yapısı için Cronbach Alfa değeri 0.85 olarak elde edilmiş, Özerklik dışında boyutların tümünde alfa 0.7'nin üzerindedir. Ölçek başarısı, gerek ölçeğin geneli, gerekse boyutlar için son derece tatmin edici düzeydedir. Yapısal geçerliğin ölçütleri olarak: WHOQOL-OLD boyut puanlarının WHOQOL-BREF ve GDS üzerindeki benzerliği (convergence) ve farklılığı (divergence) yeterlidir; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, çok yüksek Karşılaştırmalı Uyum İndeksi (CFI) değerleri ile tatmin edici bir yapının varlığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Sonuç: WHOQOL-OLD modülünün Türkçe sürümünün psikometrik özellikleri, genel olarak iyi ve kabul edilebilir düzeydedir.
The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old)
Purpose: To determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-Old).

Methods: The Turkish version of the WHOQOL-OLD was administered to 527 older (> 65 [year]s) adults living in urban, suburban, and rural areas of Manisa Province, Turkey. The WHOQOL-OLD module consists of 24 items assigned to 6 facets (sen­­­­­­sory abilities, autonomy, past, present and future activities, so­cial participation, death and dying, and intimacy) and is a supplementary module of WHOQOL-BREF. The WHOQOL-BREF and GDS-30 were also administered to the participants. A confirmatory approach was used during reliability and validity analysis. SPSS v.10.0 and LISREL v.8.54 were used for analysis.

Results: Mean age of the participants was 71.06 ± 5.20 [year]s and the overall WHOQOL-OLD score was 56.02 ± 11.86. In all, 54.5% of the participants were female and 60.5% reported to be in poor health. Both ceiling and floor effects of the WHOQOL-OLD were satisfactory (< 0.05%). Alpha values for the facets and overall scale (range: 0.68-0.88) (> 0.70), and item total correlations and overall scale success were satisfactory. As a measure of the construct validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis showed very high CFI values (range: 0.936-0.999) for each of the domains. Convergence of WHOQOL-OLD facet scores on WHOQOL-BREF domains and WHOQOL-OLD were very fine in general.

Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the WHOQOL-OLD were acceptable, indicating that the scale is reliable and valid for use with older Turkish adults (> 65 [year]s).

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