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Yıl:2010; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2010;20(1):14-22
Erkek alkol bağımlılarında altı aylık takip süresinde rölaps ile ilişkili klinik etmenler
C Evren, R Cetin, M Durkaya, E Dalbudak
Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı erkek alkol bağımlılarında yatarak tedavi sonrası 6 ay içinde alkol kullanımının rölapsı ile ilişkili etmenleri değerlendirmektir.

Yöntem: İlk değerlendirme ardışık olarak servise yatırılmış 156 erkek alkol bağımlısı hastadan oluşmaktaydı. Bu hastalardan 107 tanesi yatarak tedavilerinden 6 ay sonra görüşmeye müsaitti. Hastalar yatarak tedavi sırasında Belirti Tarama Listesi 90 - Gözden Geçirilmiş Formu (SCL-90-R), Michigan Alkolizm Tarama Testi (MATT) ile ve taburculuklarından 6 ay sonra Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE), AMATEM Tedavi için Motivasyon Ölçeği (ATMÖ) ve PENN Alkol Aşerme Ölçeği (PAAÖ) kullanılarak değerlendirildiler.

Bulgular: Yatarak tedavi gören 107 alkol bağımlısı hastanın %53.3'ü nde (n=57) alkol kullanımının yinelediği şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Şu anki yaş, düzenli alkol kullanımına başlama yaşı, eğitim süresi, evlilik ve çalışma durumu gruplar arasında farklılık göstermedi. Ortalama MATT, ATMÖ'nin sorunların farkında olma alt ölçeği ve SCL-90-R'nin genel belirti indeksi de gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. Depresyon, anksiyete ve aşerme puanları ise rölaps gösteren grupta yüksek ATMÖ'nin ?tedavi motivasyonu ve değişime hazır olma? alt ölçeği bu grupta düşük bulundu. Rölaps gösteren grupta daha az poliklinik kontrolü, daha az ayaktan terapi programına katılımı, risklerden korunmak için daha az sosyal çevre değişikliği ya da aşerme için daha az düzenli ilaç kullanımı saptanırken, bu grupta 6 ay içinde daha fazla yaşam olayı gözlendi. Aşerme şiddeti (özellikle 5. madde), sosyal çevre değişikliği yapmama ve 6 ay içinde yaşam olayı olması alkol bağımlılarında yatarak tedavi sonrası 6 ay içinde belirtilerin rölapsı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur.

Sonuç: Aşerme 6. ayda rölaps ile ilişkili temel etken olarak görülmektedir. Ayrıca aşermeyi arttıran etkenler (örn., riskli çevreyi değiştirmeme, remisyon sırasında yaşam olayı tecrübe etme ve yüksek düzeyde olumsuz duygulanım) ayık alkol bağımlısını rölaps riski içine sokabilir. Aşerme giderici ilaçlarla birlikte ayaktan tedavi programına düzenli katılım kişiyi yaşam değişikliği için motive edebilir ve yaşam olaylarıyla nasıl baş edeceğini öğretebilir.
Clinical factors associated with relapse in male alcohol dependents during six- [month] follow-up
Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical factors associated with relapse to alcohol use during six- [month] after inpatient treatment in male alcohol dependents.

Method: Participants were 156 consecutively admitted male alcohol dependents. Among these patients 107 were available to examine 6 [month]s after inpatient treatment. Patients were administered the Symptom Checklist-Revised-90 (SCL-90-R), and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) at baseline and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), AMATEM Motivation for Treatment Scale (AMTS), and the PENN Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) six- [month] later at follow-up.

Results: Among 107 alcohol dependent inpatients 53.3% (n=57) were considered as relapsed to alcohol use. Current age, age at regular alcohol use, duration of education, and marital and employment status did not differ between groups. Mean scores of MAST, awareness of problems of AMTS and GSI also did not differ significantly between groups, whereas depression, anxiety and craving scores were higher and ?treatment motivation and readinees to change? subscale of AMTS was lower in relapsed group. Relapsed group had less outpatient clinic control, attendance to outpatient treatment program, change in social milieu to protect themselves and use of medicine for craving but experienced more life stressors during six- [month] follow-up. Severity of craving (particularly 5th item), not changing social milieu and life stressors experienced during six- [month] follow-up predicted relapse in alcohol dependents after inpatient treatment.

Conclusions: Craving seems to be the main factor associated with relapse. Also factors that increase craving (i.e., not changing risky environment, experiencing life stressor during remission and higher negative affect) may put sober alcohol dependents at risk of relapse. Adjunct anti-craving medications, regular attendance to the outpatient treatment may motivate patients for life changes and teach them how to cope with life-stressors.

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