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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 2; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türkiye Klinikleri Psikiyatri Özel Dergisi; 2009;2(3):14-21
Alzheimer Hastalığı
R Demir, H Ulvi
Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Erzurum
Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) kronik, ilerleyici nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Yaşlı populasyonda demansın en sık nedenidir. Bütün demansların %65'inde n fazlasını oluşturmaktadır. Yaş en önemli risk faktörüdür. AH'nın patolojisinden amiloid plakların yapısındaki beta amiloid ve nörofibriler yumakların yapısındaki tau proteini sorumludur. Beta amiloid veya tau proteinindeki fonksiyon bozukluğunun demansa neden olduğu genetik çalışmalarda gösterilmiştir. AH'ı erken, orta ve geç evrelere ayrılır. Hastalığın erken evresinde, bellek kaybı hafif düzeyde olup hastanın günlük yaşam aktiviteleri kısmen korunmuştur. Orta evrede günlük yaşam aktiviteleri giderek bozulur, psikiyatrik ve davranışsal belirtiler ortaya çıkmaya başlar. Hastalığın geç evresinde, hasta günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde tamamen bağımlı hale gelir. AH'nın tedavisi, dejeneratif sürecin sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan nörokimyasal eksikliklerin yerine konmasına dayanır. Kolinesteraz inhibitörleri aracılığıyla sinaptik aralıktaki asetilkolin miktarını arttırma, ilk ve günümüzde de en etkili tedavidir. Ayrıca nonfarmakolojik tedavi yaklaşımları; kognitif bozuklukların, davranışsal semptomların ve günlük yaşam aktivitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli katkılar sağlar.
Alzheimer?s Disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a cronic, progressive and neurodegenerative disorder. AD is most frequent cause of dementia in elderly population. AD accounts for more than 65 percent of all cases of dementia. Aging is most importantly risk factor. Two main proteins that play important role in the pathogenesis of AD are beta amyloid and tau which are main constituents of amiloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Genetic studies have shown that dysfunction of amyloid beta or tau is sufficient to cause dementia. AD have three stage such as early, moderate and severe. In early stage AD, the patient can independently maintain the daily living activities even if the recent memory loss. In moderate stage, the independence in the daily living activities is lost gradually and psychiatric and behaivoral semptoms appear. The severe stage of the illness is characterized by completely dependency to the caregiver in the daily living activities. The treatment of AD consists of the replacement of the neurochemical deficits arising secondary to degenerative process. The firs and importent treatment implies increasing the availability of acetyl choline in the synaptic cleft via the cholinesterase inhibitors. Nonpharmacologic treatment interventions for patients with AD have been developed for improving cognitive disorders and concomitant behavioral and psychological symptoms and dependence in the daily living activities.

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