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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;20(4):392-397
Katı İnsan Sendromunda Konversiyon Bozukluğu Yanlış Tanısı İki Olgu
S Özer, H Özcan, GŞ Dinç, A Ertuğrul, M Rezaki, A Uluşahin
Hacettepe Ü Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD. Ankara
Modern psikiyatrik tanı sınıflandırma sistemleri, nörolojik bir tanıyı düşündüren, ancak bedensel bir hastalık ya da psikiyatrik başka bir bozukluğa bağlanamayan belirtileri konversiyon bozukluğu (KB) ya da disosiyatif motor bozukluk tanısı altında incelemektedir.

Konversiyon bozukluğu tanısı konan hastalarda yüksek yanlış tanı oranları olduğu bilinmektedir. En sık atlanan belirtilerin yürüyüş ve hareket bozuklukları ile ilişkili olduğu da bildirilmektedir. ?Katı İnsan? Sendromu (KİS) nadir görülen, otoimmun, ilerleyici bir nörolojik bozukluktur. Glutamik asit dekarboksilaz (GAD) enzimine karşı gelişen antikorların bu bozuklukla ilişkisinin belirlenmesi, patofizyolojik ve özgül immünolojik alt yapısının anlaşılmasında önemli katkı sağlamıştır. Sendromda ilerleyici şiddetli kas rijiditesi ve ani başlayabilen kasılmalar görülür. Agonist ve antagonist kasların eş zamanlı kasılması yürümeyi güçleştirir. Bu belirtiler ruhsal stresörler, ses, kalabalık, ani görsel uyaran ve dokunmayla tetiklenebilir.

Bu yazıda farklı belirtilerle doktora başvuran ve belirtileri nörolojik bir hastalıkla açıklanamadığı için psikiyatriye yönlendirilen, izlemde KİS tanısı alan iki olgu tartışılmaktadır. Yazıda KİS'in farklı psikiyatrik belirtiler ve ön tanılar ile karşımıza çıkabileceği, KB tanısı konmadan önce tam bir ruhsal, nörolojik muayeneyle birlikte beyin görüntüleme, ileri elektrofizyolojik tetkikler kullanarak dikkatle ayırıcı tanı yapılmasının önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Two Stiff Person Cases Misdiagnosed as Conversion Disorder
Modern psychiatric diagnostic systems classify neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a physical disease or another psychiatric disorder as conversion disorder (CD) or dissociative motor disorder. It is a well-known fact that the overall rate of misdiagnosis of conversion symptoms is high. The most common presenting symptoms of misdiagnosed patients are gait and movement disturbances.

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare progressive autoimmune neurological disorder. The identification of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in association with SPS provided an important contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Patients may present with severe muscle rigidity and sudden contractions. Simultaneous contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles produces gait disturbance. SPS can be exacerbated by emotional stressors, and sudden auditory, visual, and tactile stimuli.

Herein we present 2 patients that were referred for psychiatric assessment, because their neurological symptoms initially could not be explained by a neurological disease, and subsequently diagnosed as SPS. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to the psychiatric presentations of SPS and to emphasize the importance of complete psychiatric and neurological examination, including brain imaging and electrophysiological studies, in the differential diagnosis of CD.

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