Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 20; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;20(4):322-331
Sosyal Fobide Yönetici İşlevlerin Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi ile Değerlendirilmesi
V Topçuoğlu, N Fıstıkçı, Ö Ekinci, AG Gönentür, BC Agouridas
Marmara Ü Hastanesi, Psikiyatri AD., İstanbul
Amaç: Problem çözme ve geri bildirime uygun olarak tepki değiştirme gibi yönetici işlevlerin sosyal fobi hastalarında bozulması beklenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi kullanılarak sosyal fobi hastalarının sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırılmasıdır. Böylelikle sosyal fobi hastalarının yönetici işlevleri hakkında bilgi edinilmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Yöntem: 16'sı (%44.4) kadın ve 20'si (%55.6) erkek olan 36 sosyal fobi hastası ile yaş, cinsiyet ve eğitime göre eşleştirilmiş 36 sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya alındı. Deneklere Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi'nin yanı sıra DSM-IV eksen I bozukluklarının tanısı için yapılandırılmış klinik görüşme, Beck Depresyon Ölçeği, Durumluluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri ve Liebowitz Sosyal Anksiyete Ölçeği uygulandı.

Bulgular: Hasta grubunda Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi'nin toplam doğru sayısı, tamamlanan kategori sayısı ve kavramsal düzey tepki yüzdesinin kontrollere göre daha bozuk olduğu bulundu. Hastaların toplam yanlış sayısı ve perseveratif olmayan hataları daha yüksekti. Perseveratif hatalarda ve kurulumu sürdürmede ise hastalar ile kontrol grubu arasında fark gözlenmedi. Toplam doğru sayısı ve kavramsal düzey tepki yüzdesi, sürekli anksiyete ve toplam kaçınma düzeyleri ile negatif; toplam yanlış sayısı ise sürekli anksiyete ve toplam kaçınma düzeyleri ile pozitif bağıntılıydı. Perseveratif olmayan hatalar, durumluluk anksiyete, toplam korku ve toplam kaçınma ile pozitif bağıntılı bulundu.

Sonuç: Araştırmamızda sosyal fobi hastalarının işlem belleği performansının sağlıklı bireylere göre bozulduğu ve sosyal anksiyetenin işlem belleğini olumsuz etkilediğini sonucuna varılmıştır.
Assessment of Executive Functions in Social Phobia Patients Using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
Objective: Problem solving and adjusting responses according to feedback are among the executive functions that may be impaired in social phobia patients. The objective of this study was to compare social phobia patients' Wisconsin Card Sorting Test scores with those of controls; thus, our aim was to examine executive functions in social phobia patients.

Method: The study included 36 social phobia patients (16 female [44.4%] and 20 male [55.6%]) whose age, sex, and level of education were matched with those of a healthy control group. Participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale along, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.

Results: Patients with social phobia scored lower than the control group in terms of the total number of correct responses, number of categories completed, and percentage of conceptual level responses on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The total number of errors and total non-perseverative errors were elevated in the patient group. No differences were observed in perseverative errors and set-maintenance between the patient and control groups. The number of correct responses and the percentage of conceptual level responses were negatively correlated with trait anxiety and social avoidance scores, whereas the number of errors was positively correlated with trait anxiety and social avoidance scores. Non-perseverative errors were positively correlated with state-anxiety, social fear, and social avoidance scores.

Conclusion: Working memory in the social phobia patients was impaired, as compared to that of the healthy controls. High social anxiety scores had a negative impact on working memory.

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