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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(3):311-320
Nörotransmitter sistemlerinin gelişimi ve psikopatolojiye yansımaları
NP Fiş, M Berkem
Marmara Üniversitesi Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul-Türkiye
Postnatal dönemin erken evrelerinde beyin morfolojisi henüz ayrışmamış, büyük ve orantısız topografik biçimlerden ibarettir. Bu ilk oluşan yapılar zaman içinde duyusal ve motor yaşantılar ile adaptif değişikliklere uğrarlar. 'de neyim?bağımlı? (experience-dependent) ve 'de neyim-beklentili olgunlaşma? (experience expectant) olarak tanımlanan iki ayrı süreçle birlikte beynin moleküler düzeydeki gelişimi geçekleşir. Beyindeki nörotransmitter sistemlerinin başlıcaları olan asetilkolin, glutamat, GABA, serotonin, dopamin ve norepinefrin doğumla birlikte beynin topografik gelişimine paralel olarak değişim göstermektedir ve bu değişim normal gelişim sürecinin bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Diğer yandan, bu sistemlerde beklenenden farklı bir değişim olması çeşitli psikopatolojiler ile ilişkili bulunmaktadır. Bu gözden geçirme yazısında, doğum sonrasında nörotransmitter sistemlerinde gelişimsel olarak gerçekleşmesi beklenen değişiklikler aktarıldıktan sonra, özellikle çocukluk ve ergenlik başlangıçlı bazı psikopatolojilerin temelinde yer aldığı düşünülen nörotransmitter sistemleri ile ilgili bulgular tartışılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Development of neurotransmitter systems and their reflections on psychopathology
During early stages of postnatal period brain morphology
consists of undifferentiated, large, nonproportional
topographic configurations. Later, these initial structures
undergo adaptive changes by way of sensory and motor
experiences. Molecular maturation of the brain takes place via
two different processes defined as experience-dependent and
experience-expectant organization. The major
neurotransmitter systems of the brain, namely acethylcholine,
glutamate, GABA, serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine
undergo developmental changes, which occur in parallel with
developmental topographic changes of the brain during
postnatal period. On the other hand, any unexpected, changes
in these systems are found to be related to different
psychopathologies. In this review developmental changes in
neurotransmitter systems that are expected to occur during
postnatal period will be reviewed. Then the findings related to
the neurotransmitter systems which are thought to be
underlying causes for childhood and teenage
psychopathologies will be discussed.

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