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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(3):240-245
Gelişimsel kekemeliği olan çoçuk ve ergenlerde P50 duyusal kapılama
Ö Özcan, S Kızkın, C Özcan, S Ünal, R Karlıdağ
İnönü Universitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Psikiyatri AD, Malatya Türkiye
Amaç: Kekemelik seslerin, hecelerin ve kelimelerin istemsiz tekrarı ve uzatılması ile konuşma akıcılığının bozulduğu, nedeni tam olarak bilinmeyen bir konuşma bozukluğudur. Konuşmanın akıcılığın sağlanmasında psikolojik, sosyal, öğrenme ile ilişkili unsurlar ve sensorimotor değişkenler önemli rol oynar. Beynin gelen uyarıları işlemlemesinde ve uygun bir davranışsal yanıt oluşturulmasında duyusal kapılama gerekli bir işlemdir. Duyusal kapılama, sınırlı bilgi işleme kapasitesine sahip olan beyni, sürekli ve yoğun bilgi akışı sırasında gereğinden fazla veya ilişkisiz olan uyaranların filtrelenmesini sağlayarak aşırı yüklenmeden korur. İşitsel uyaranların kapılanamaması, işitsel sinyallerin işlenmesi ve işitsel geribildirim mekanizmasını da bozarak konuşma akıcılığının bozulmasına yol açabilir. Çalışmamızda kekemelikte duyusal kapılamanın bozulmuş olabileceği hipotezini test etmek için gelişimsel kekemeliği olan çocuk ve ergenlerde duyusal kapılamanın durumunu P50 supresyonu ile değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya gelişimsel kekemeliği olan 7-18 yaş aralığında 20 çocuk ve ergen ile, konuşma problemi olmayan yaş ve cinsiyet açısından birebir eşleştirilmiş 20 sağlıklı kontrol alındı. Tüm olgulara bir çocuk psikiyatristi tarafından psikiyatrik değerlendirme yapıldı. Psikiyatrik, nörolojik ve kronik hastalığı olan, santral sinir sistemini etkileyen ilaç kullanım öyküsü ve ailesinde şizofreni öyküsü olan olgular çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Tüm bu değerlendirmelerin ardından P 50 supresyon değerlendirmesi elektroensefologram (EEG) ile kaydedildi. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizi SPSS paket programı kullanılarak yapıldı. Her iki grubun P50 değerlerini karşılaştırmak için Mann?Whitney U testi kullanıldı ve tüm analizlerde p<0.05 anlamlılık derececesi olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada yer alan çocuk ve ergenlerin yaş ortalaması 11,8 ±2,7, kekemelik başlama yaşı 4,6±1,1 idi. Çalışmaya katılanların her iki grupta da 16'sı (%80) erkek, 4'ü (% 20) kızdı. Her iki grubun P50 amplitüt, latans, P50 supresyon oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları çocuk ve ergenlerde P50 ile kekemelik arasında bir ilişki olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ancak kekeme çocuk ve ergenlerde duyusal kapılamayı değerlendiren bu ilk çalışma, duyusal kapılamayı değerlendirmede kullanılan diğer bir test olan prepulse inhibisyonla da, farklı yaş gruplarında ve daha geniş örneklem üzerinde tekrarlanmalıdır.
P50 sensory gating in children and adolescents with developmental stuttering
Objective: Stuttering is a speech disorder, where speech
fluency is disturbed by the involuntary repetition and
prolongation of words and syllables. Its cause is not fully
known. Sensory gating is an essential part of information
processing and developing an appropriate behavioral
response in the brain. Psychological, social, and learningrelated
factors together with sensorymotor variables play
an important role in ensuring fluent speech. Sensory
gating protects the brain from overload by filtering the
redundant or potentially irrelevant information from the
continuous and intensive stream of information. A lack of
sensory gating for auditory stimuli may lead to disturbed
auditory signal processing and auditory feedback and
result in loss of speech fluency. Our aim in this study was to
evaluate the state of sensory gating in children and
adolescents with developmental stuttering using P50
suppression to test our hypothesis that sensory gating may
be disturbed in stuttering.
Method: A total of 20 stuttering children and adolescents
in 7-18 age group and 20 age-and sex-matched healthy
controls with no speech problems were included in the
study. All children underwent psychiatric evaluation by a
pediatric psychiatrist. Patients with psychiatric,
neurological or chronic disease, those who had a history of
using medication that could affect the central nervous
system and children with a family history of schizophrenia
were excluded from the study. P50 suppression was then
recorded with an electroencephalogram (EEG). Statistical
analysis was performed using the SPSS package software
program. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare
the P50 values of the two groups and p value <0.05 was
considered significant for all analyses.
Results: The mean age for the children and adolescents
included in the study was 11.8±2.7 [year]s and the age
stuttering started was 4.6±1.1 [year]s. There were 16 males
(80%) and 4 females (20%) in both groups. There was no
statistically significant difference between the P50 amplitude,
latency and P50 suppression ratios of the two groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study have shown no
association between P50 and stuttering in children and
adolescents. However, this first study evaluating sensory
gating in children and adolescents should be repeated
with prepulse inhibition, another test used to evaluate
sensory gating, on larger samples and in different age
groups.

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