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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 2):78-79
Bir grup lise öğrencisinde psikiyatrik belirti dağılımı ve etkileyen etkenler
PG Küçükkaya, I Işık
Koc University, Nursing School, İstanbul
Giriş: Çoğu ruhsal bozuklukların, ergenlik ve genç yetişkinlik döneminde başladığı bilinmektedir. Literatürde, çocuk ve ergenlerin beşte birinin en az bir ruhsal bozukluğa sahip olduğu belirtilmektedir. Ruhsal bozuklukların görülme oranının yüksek ve genellikle başlama yaşının bu dönemde olması, yüksek kronikleşme eğilimleri ve taşıdıkları tedavi güçlükleri nedeniyle, ruhsal sorunların önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olduğu ve önleyici müdahalelerin çok gerekli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışma, lise öğrencilerinin psikiyatrik belirti dağılımı ve psikiyatrik belirti dağılımı ile cinsiyet, okul türü, sınıf ve anne-baba tutumu arasında ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntem: Kesitsel olarak yapılan bu çalışmanın evrenini, İstanbul ili, Şişli İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdür-lüğü’ne bağlı 16 lisede okuyan ve random seçilen bir Anadolu Lisesi, bir genel lise ve bir meslek lisesinde okuyan toplam 3336 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Örneklem seçiminde tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve 897 öğrenci araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Yüz atmış üç öğrenci araştırmaya katılmayı kabul etmemiş, altı öğrenci de ölçme aracını tam doldurmadığından, toplamda 728 öğrenciye (%81.15) uygulama yapılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler, Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE) ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. KSE’nin ek maddelerinden biri olan Rahatsızlık Ciddiyet İndeksi (RCİ) psikiyatrik rahatsızlığın en iyi göstergesi olduğu için bu çalışmada birincil sonuç ölçüm ölçütü olarak kullanılmıştır. Türk ergenlerde RCİ’nin 1’in üzerinde bulunması, belirtilerin psikopatolojik düzeyde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin KSE’den aldıkları RCİ puanı, patolojik sınırın biraz üzerinde 1.03 olarak saptanmıştır. Kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre, RCİ puanının (sırasıyla 1.17, 0.84) (t=6.33, p<0.001) ve KSE bütün alt ölçek puan ortalamalarının oldukça yüksek olduğu ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05, p<.001). Meslek lisesi öğrencilerinin RCİ puanının (1.33), diğer iki lisedeki öğrencilerin RCİ puanından (genel lise 1.10, Anadolu Lisesi 1.03) çok daha yüksek ve patolojik düzeyde olduğu (F=7.80, p<0.001), lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin RCİ puanının (1.37) lise birinci ve ikinci sınıf öğrencilerininkinden (sırasıyla 0.99, 1.04) yüksek olduğu (F=3.56, p<0.05), anne-babalarının ilgisiz tutum göster-diğini söyleyen öğrencilerin RCİ puanının (1.38), diğer tutumları (aşırı koruyucu 1.11, oto-riter 1.02, demokratik 0.91) gösterdiğini söyleyen öğrencilere göre yüksek olduğu ve bu fark-ların istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (F=7.84, p<0.001).

Tartışma: Bu çalışmadaki bulgular kız, meslek lisesi öğrencisi, son sınıfta olan ve anne-babalarının ilgisiz tutum gösterdiğini söyleyen öğrencilerin ruh sağlıklarının ciddi düzeyde risk altında olduğunu ve bu nedenle daha yakından izlenmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Ruh sağlığı çalışanları, taramalar yaparak gençlerdeki ruhsal hastalık riskini ortaya koyabilir ve erken müdahale ile ciddi ruhsal hastalıkların gelişmesine engel olabilir.
Risk factors and distribution of psychiatric symptoms in a group of high school students in Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction: Most mental health problems start in adolescence and early adulthood. In the literature, one out of five children and adolescents has at least one mental problem. The high rate of childhood mental health problems, the high tendency of mental disorders becoming chronic, and the difficulties in treatment, demonstrate that psychological problems are an important public health issue that require preventive action. In this study, the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in high school students in grades 9, 10, and 11 were analyzed in relation to their gender, type of school, grade, and parental attitudes.

Methods: Stratified randomization was used in selecting subjects (n=728, 81.15%) from a population of 3336 students who were randomly chosen from an Anatolian high school, a general high school and a vocational high school in the Sisli district of Istanbul. Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and demographic questionnaire developed by the researchers were used. A Global Symptom Index (GSI) is the best indicator of psychopathological disturbance; therefore it was used as a primary result mea-surement in this study. A GSI of more than 1 meant that Turkish adolescents’ symptoms were in psychopathological level.

Results: This study indicated a slightly increased psychopathological level of 1.03 in GSI scores of the total 728 students. Girls scored considerably higher than boys on GSI (1.17 and 0.84 respectively) (t=6.33, p<0.001) and girls also scored higher than boys in all subscales of BSI (p<0.05, p<0.001), students of vocational high schools scored significantly the highest in psychopathological level (1.33) on GSI than other schools’ students (general high school 1.10, Anatolian high school 1.03) (F=7.80, p<.001), 11th graders average GSI scores (1.37) were considerably higher than 9th and 10th graders (0.99 and 1.04 respectively) (F=3.56, p<0.05) and students perceiving indifferent parental attitudes scored considerably higher in GSI (1.38) than other students (overprotective 1.11, authoritarian 1.02, democratic 0.91) and this difference is found to be statistically significant (F=7.84, p<0.001).

Discussion: Results of this study show the need for further observation of female adolescents, students who are studying in vocational high schools, students who are 11th graders and students who perceive parental attitudes as indifferent because this study indicated considerable risk of mental health problems among these students. Efficient screening of adoles-cents by mental health professionals can identify mental health risk thereby allowing for early intervention in preventing development of seri-ous disease outcomes.

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