Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):76-77
Gebelikte duygudurum bozukluklarının tedavisinde EKT kullanımı
M Bulut, O Vırıt, ÜS Çöpoğlu, F Bülbül, HA Savaş
Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep
Giriş: Gebelik esnasında tedavi edilmeyen duygudurum bozuklukları (DDB) gebeliğin gidişini, fetüsün gelişimini, doğum komplikasyonlarını ve sonrasında çocuğun fiziksel ve davranışsal gelişimini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Gebelikteki mani içgörü eksikliği, dürtüsellik gibi birçok nedenden dolayı anne ve bebek için çok önemli riskler oluşturur. Literatürde DDB olan gebelerde elektrokonvulsif tedavi (EKT) kullanımı ile ilgili olgu sunumları olmasına karşın geniş ölçekli olgu serileri yoktur. Çalışmamızda DDB olan gebelerde EKT kullanımı ve tedavi sonuçlarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: 2002-2008 yılları arasında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Kliniğinde herhangi bir DDB tanısıyla yatarak tedavi gören ve EKT uygulanan gebelerin dosyalarının geriye dönük olarak incelenmesi ile veriler elde edilip SPSS 13.0 programına aktarılarak istatistikleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dosyalarından hakkında veri elde edilebilen 12 hasta alındı. Yaş ortalaması 28.1±4.8'di. Hastaların yüzde 8.3'ü (s=1) majör depresyon, 25'i (s=3) İUB manik nöbet, 16.7'si (s=2) İUB depresif nöbet, 16.7'si (s=2) panik bozukluğu+majör depresyon, 25%'i (s=3) psikotik özellikli depresyon, 8.3%'ü BTA duygudurum bozukluğu (psikotik özellikli) nedeniyle tedavi görmekteydi. Hastaların EKT öncesi ve sonrası ölçek ortalamaları sırasıyla KGİ (s=12) 6.0 ve 26±0.7, HAM-D (s=7) 26.9±8.7 ve 10.4±5.4, HAM-A (s=1) 42 ve 21, YMRS (s=1) 34 ve 10, PANSS (s=2) 87.0±19.8 ve 41.0±17.0 idi. Tartışma: Hastaların tamamı EKT tedavisinden belirgin fayda görmüştür. İUB olan gebelerde EKT hem manik, hem de depresif nöbette belir-gin fayda sağlamıştır. Bir hastada erken doğum, bir hastada ise konjenital pesekinovarus (PEV) deformitesi gelişmişti; fakat iki durumun EKT'ye bağlı olduğuna ilişkin yeterli kanıt yoktu. Bir hasta dışındaki tüm hastalarda hastalık gebelik döneminde alevlenmişti. Bu hastaların önemli bir kısmı bu dönemde aldıkları ilacı kesmişti, alevlenme bununla da ilişkili olabilir. Ortalama EKT sayısı 8.5±5.9'du. Gebelik döneminde farmakoterapiyi kesmeye bağlı duygudurum atağı yaşama oranı yüksektir. Farmakoterapinin gebelikte kullanımının güvenilirliği tamamen açıklığa kavuşturulamamıştır. Sonuç olarak gebelikte duygudurum atağının tedavisinde EKT öne çıkan etkin ve güvenilir bir tedavi seçeneğidir.
ECT for treatment of mood disorders in pregnancy
Objective: Mood disorders (MD) which are not recommended during pregnancy negatively affect the course of pregnancy, development of fetus, birth complications and, later on, physical and behavioral development of the child. Mania in pregnancy constitutes major risks for mother and child due to many causes such as impaired insight and impulsiveness. Although there have been case presentations about ECT administration in pregnant women with MD, large-scale case series have not existed. In our study, investtigation of the ECT administration in pregnant women with MD and results of therapy was aimed. Methods: Data were obtained through the retrospective analysis of records of pregnant women who were hospitalized due to any MD diagnosis and underwent ECT at Gaziantep University Medical Faculty's Psychiatry Clinic between 2002 and 2008, these data were transferred to SPSS 13.0 program, and statistics were made. Results: Twelve patients were included in the study and we could attain data about them from their records. Mean age was 28.1±4.8. Diagnosis of the patients were 8.3% (n=1) major depression, 25% (n=3) bipolar disorder (BD) manic episode, 16.7% (n=2) BD depressive episode, 16.7% (n=2) panic disorder + major depression, 25% (n=3) depression with psychotic features, 8.3% MD not otherwise specified with psychotic features, respectively. Mean ECT number was 8.5±5.9. The mean scale scores of the patients before and after ECT were CGI (n=12) 6.0 and 26±0.7, HAM-D (n=7) 26.9±8.7 and 10.4±5.4, HAM-A (n=1) 42 and 21, YMRS (n=1) 34 and 10, PANSS (n=2) 87.0±19.8 and 41.0±17.0 respectively. Discus-sion: All patients benefited significantly from ECT. ECT proved to be a beneficial option for pregnant women with BD both in manic and depressive episode. One patient had had preterm birth and another had developed congenital clubfoot deformity. However, there was not evi-dence assuring that both conditions were due to ECT. All patients except one, exacerbated during pregnancy. Majority of these patients had discontinued their medications in that period. Exacerbation can be related to that. Rate of mood attack experience due to discontinuation of medications during pregnancy is high. Reliability of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy has not been elucidated completely. In conclusion, for treatment of mood attacks in pregnancy, ECT is a prominent and reliable treatment option.

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