Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):30-31
ASKB'li bireyler tedavi olur mu?
A Ateş
GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi, İstanbul
Ruh sağlığı çalışanlarının başta antisosyal kişilik bozukluğu (ASKB) olmak üzere kişilik bozukluğu bulunan bireylerle baş etme ve tedaviye yanıtları konusunda kafaları karışıktır. ASKB’li bireyler kendilerine ve çevrelerine zarar riski taşımadıkları sürece genellikle hastaneye yatırılarak tedavi edilmezler. Psikoterapi, bireyin hastalığının sınırlarını ve önemini anlama ve yaşamında makul değişiklikler yapabilme konusunda yardımcı olmaya odaklanmalıdır. Psikoterapinin açıklayıcı ve içgörü yönelimli olması genellikle bir işe yaramaz. Faydalı olduğu belirtilen bilişsel terapinin birincil amacı, bireyin sorunları nasıl oluşturduğunu anlaması konusunda yardımcı olmaktır. Terapist karşıaktarım yapmama konusunda dikkatli olmalıdır. Evli antisosyaller aile danışmanlığından fayda görebilir. Grup terapisi ümit veren bir terapi seçeneğidir.

Bu bireylerin tedavisinde rutin olarak kullanılan özel bir ilaç yoktur. Bazı ilaçların ASKB’li bireylerin başlıca sorunu olan agresyonun tedavisinde faydalı olduğu gösterilmiştir. İlaç tedavisi majör depresyon veya anksiyete bozukluklarını içeren komorbid psikiyatrik durumlarda antisosyal davranışları azaltır. Çoğu antisosyalde alkol ve madde kötüye kullanımı, tedavideki en önemli engeldir. Hapsetme, ciddi ve gittikçe kötüye giden olgularda en faydalı seçenek olabilir. Son zamanlarda ulusal akıl sağlığı merkezinin bu hastalıkla baş edebilme, tedavisi ve önlenmesini de kapsayacak şekilde bir rehber geliştirme kararı cesaret verici bir adımdır.
Treatment of subjects with antisocial personality disorder
Mental health professionals have always been ambivalent in their response to treating and managing those with personality disorder, and this especially applies to those with antisocial personality disorder. Unless the person is at risk for harming himself or others, there is almost no need to hospitalize the antisocial. Psychotherapy with antisocial persons should focus on helping the individual understand the nature and extent of his disorder, and help the patient make sensible changes. Exploratory or insight oriented forms of psychotherapy are generally not helpful to antisocials. The major goal of cognitive therapy is to help the patient understand how he creates his own problems. Therapists must be aware of their own feelings and remain vigilant to prevent countertransference from disrupting therapy. Antisocials with spouses and families may benefit from marriage and family counseling. Group therapy is the most promising treatment.
No medications are routinely used or specifically approved for the treatment of ASP. Several drugs have been shown to reduce aggression, the chief problem of many antisocials. Medication may help alleviate comorbid psychiatric disorders, including major depression or anxiety disorder, producing a ripple effect that reduces antisocial behavior. In many antisocials, alcohol and drug abuse are the major barriers for treating the underlying ASP. If concurrent substance abuse is present, as is often the case, the primary focus of treatment is on substance abuse issues. Incarceration may be the best way to control the most severe and persistent cases of ASP. In recently, the decision by the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health to develop a guideline to cover the prevention, treatment and management of the disorder is a courageous step.

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