Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):25-27
Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğunu tanımak
A Algül
GATA, İstanbul
Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğu (ASKB) zayıf sosyal uyum, sahtekarlık, dürtüsellik, şiddet, suç işleme, başkalarının hakkını yeme ve vicdan azabı duymama ile karakterize olan bir bozukluktur. Tanı koymak için 15 yaşından önce bireyde davranım bozukluğu (DB) olması ve en az 18 yaşında olması gereklidir. ASKB’ye sıklıkla disfori, gerginlik, sıkıntıyı tolere edememe, depresif şiddet içeren suç işleme, işsizlik, evsizlik ve aile içi şiddet nedeniyle toplum sağlığı bakımından önemli bir sorun alanını temsil eder. ASKB olan bireylerde, dürtü kontrol bozukluğu, majör depresyon, madde kullanımı/bağımlılığı, patolojik kumar, anksiyete bozuklukları ve somatizasyon bozukluğu riski yüksektir. Eşlik eden en yaygın kişilik bozuklukları ise, narsisistik, sınır ve histriyonik kişilik bozukluğudur.

ASKB toplumda 2-4% oranında, klinik örneklemde 3-30%, hapishane popülasyonunda ise 80%’den fazla görülmektedir. ASKB’nin yaygınlığı yaşla birlikte azaldığından, genç bireylerde daha öncelikli bir sorundur. Araştırmalarda, bozukluğun erkeklerde 2-8 kat daha fazla olduğu bildirilmektedir. DSM-IV’te, ASKB tanısı için DB ölçütünün önemle vurgulanmasının, kadınlara daha az tanı konulmasına yol açtığı belirtilmektedir. ASKB olan bireyler askere alındıklarında, disipline kurallarına uyum sorunları nedeniyle sıklıkla firar etmekte ve mahkemeler tarafından askerlikten atılmaktadır.

ASKB olan bireylerin birinci derece akrabalarında bozukluk daha sık görülmektedir. ASKB olan kadınların biyolojik akrabalarında erkeklere göre risk daha yüksektir. Evlat edinme çalışmalarında, hem genetik, hem de çevresel etkenlerin ASKB riskini artırdığı bildirilmiştir.

On yaşından önce DB’ye eşlik eden dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı konanların erişkin yaşta ASKB’ye daha yatkın olduğu bildirilmiştir. Diğer taraftan DB olan bireylerde dengesiz anne-baba, ihmal veya uygun olmayan aile disiplininin varlığında ASKB gelişmesi riski artmaktadır.
Identifying a person with antisocial personality disorder
Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of poor social conformity, deceitfulness, impulsivity, criminality, violation of, rights of others and lack of remorse since the age of 15. A person must be at least 18 [year]s old and have dis-played evidence of conduct disorder (CD) before age of 15. APD may be complicated by dysphoria, tension, low tolerance for boredom, depressed mood, and premature violent death. Impairment is extremely variable, but typically includes social difficulties. It has major public health implications in terms of its association with drug abuse, early unnatural death, violent crime, unemployment, homelessness, and family violence. These patients are at increased risk for impulse control disorders, major depression, substance abuse or dependence, pathological gambling, anxiety disorders, and somatization disorder. The most common co-occurring personality disorders are narcissistic, borderline, and histrionic.

Epidemiological surveys have shown that APD is a common disorder, with a prevalence rate between and 4% among community samples, and 3 to 30% in clinical settings, rising up to 80% among male prisoners. APD is primarily a problem among younger persons because the prevalence rates of APD diminish with increasing age. Research indicates that men have APD two to eight times more likely than women. DSM-IV notes concern that this disorder underdiagnosed in females, given the emphasis on aggressive items in diagnosing conduct disorder. Antisocial persons who join the armed forces often have unsatisfactory experiences because of their inability to accept military authority and discipline. They are more likely than others to be absent without leave, court-martialed, or dishonorably discharged.

APD is more frequent among the first-degree biological relatives of probands with this disorder. Biological relatives of women with APD are at greater risk for the same disorder than biological relatives of men with APD. Adoption studies show that both genetic and environ-mental factors contribute to the risk for this disorder since both adopted and biological children of parents with APD are at increased risk for this disorder.

CD (before the age of 10) accompanying attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder increase the likelihood of developing APD in adult life. CD is more likely to develop into APD when there is erratic parenting, neglect, or inconsistent parental discipline.

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