Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):24-25
Zeka geriliği olan çocuklarda tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedavi uygulamaları
ŞS Şengül
Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi, İstanbul
Zeka geriliği genel entelektüel işlevselliğin ortalamanın önemli düzeyde altında olması ile birlikte, iletişim, kendine bakım, ev yaşamı, toplumsal/kişilerarası beceriler, toplumsal olanaklardan yararlanma, kendi kendini yönetip yönlendirme, okulla ilgili işlevsel beceriler, iş, boş zamanları değerlendirme, sağlık ve güvenlik alanlarından en az ikisinde yetersizlik ve bozukluk olması olarak tanımlanır. Yapılan araştırmalarda zeka geriliğinin yaygınlığı 1% olarak bildirilmektedir.

Zeka geriliğinin değerlendirilmesi multidisiplinerdir. Zeka geriliği olan çocuklarda ek fiziksel ve ruhsal sorunların görülme sıklığı da artmaktadır. Zeka geriliğinin kesin tedavisi yoktur. Bu çocuklarda görülebilecek psikiyatrik bozukluklar, davranış sorunları için kanıta dayalı tıbbın önerdiği ilaç tedavileri uygulanmaktadır. Bu çocukların kendilerine bakabilmeleri ve ileride başkalarına bağımlı olmadan yaşamlarını sürdürmeleri için gerekli becerilerin kazandırılması, kapasitelerinin tamamını kullanabilmeleri için gerekli eğitimin verilmesi tedavide ilk hedeftir.Yaşam boyu süren ve tedavisi olmayan bir durumda ailelerin kabul süreci güç ve uzun olmakta ve aileler alternatif tedaviler aramaktadır. Günümüzde kanıta dayalı tıp dışında, zeka geriliğinin tedavisinde at ve yunus terapisi gibi hayvanlar aracılığı ile uygulanan terapiler, vücutta eksik olduğu düşünülen bazı maddelerin tamamlanmasına yönelik diyet terapileri, hiperbarik oksijen terapisi, dikkati artırmaya yönelik biofeedback uygulaması, müzik terapisi, motor geriliklerin tedavisini hedefleyen masaj terapileri, uzay terapisi, kromozom ayıklama girişimi olarak hücre tedavisi gibi tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tedaviler olarak tanımlanan yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Bu yöntemler temelde yaşam kalitesini artırmaya yönelik girişimler olsa da geçerlilikleri ile ilgili henüz yeterli kanıtlar bulunmamaktadır. Bu oturumda, uygulanan bu alternatif tedavilerin etkinliği literatür eşliğinde tartışılacaktır.
Complementary and alternative medicine in children with mental retardation
Mental retardation is general intellectual level functionality is below of the average. It also attends at least two deficiencies “in communication, at self-care, at home life, in social/people skills between social facilities to benefit, in self-management, at school-related functional skills, at work, on free time assessment, in healthy and safety life”. In the prevalence of mental deficiency, research is reported to be 1%.

Assessment of intelligence deficiency is multi-disciplinary. Additional physical and mental health problems, which have being seen in children with mental retardation increase frequency. There is no definitive treatment of mental deficiency. These children may be psychiatric disorders and behavior problems for the evidence-based medicine suggest that drug treatment is applied. These children can see themselves and others dependent on the future without the skills necessary for life to continue to win, using all available capacity to provide treatment to the first goal of education is required.

Ongoing life and treatment of families in an acceptance process is difficult, long and families are searching the alternative options. On the other hand today, evidence-based medicine in the treatment of mental retardation; horse therapy, dolphin therapy, diet therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, biofeedback application, musical therapy, massage therapy, space therapy and cell therapy is being implemented. In this session, application experience and the effectiveness of these alternative treatments will be discussed in the accompanying literature.

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