Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):20-21
Antidepresanlar ve akatizi
Y Albayrak
Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Akatizi öznel bir huzursuzluk duygusu ve rahatsızlık veren hareketler ile karakterize bir klinik antitedir. Eski Yunan dilinden köken alan akatizi terimi ‘’oturmama’’ veya ‘’oturamama’’ anlamına gelmektedir. Cinsel işlev bozukluğunu, bulantı-yı, uykusuzluğu, kilo almayı veya baş ağrısını içeren antidepresanlarla ilişkili yaygın yan etkiler iyi bilinmesine karşın, oldukça sıkıntı verici bir durum olan akatizi ile ilgili bilgilerimiz sınırlıdır. Hem öznel, hem de nesnel ölçütler akatizi tanısı için gereklidir. Akatiziden şüphelenilen hastaları değerlendirmek için Barnes Akatizi Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılabilir. Akatizi ile ilgili epidemiyolojik geniş araştırmalar konvansiyonel anti-psikotiklerle yapılmış olmasına karşın, antidepresanların neden olduğu akatizinin yaygınlığını inceleyen geniş hasta sayılı çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Akatizinin patofizyolojisi net değildir.

Akatizinin etiyolojisinde yer alan ilaçların doğru-dan veya dolaylı olarak dopamin işlevleri ile ilişkili olması nedeniyle patofizyolojinin temelin-de dopaminerjik sistemin olabileceği düşünülmektedir. SSRI ile indüklenen akatizili hastalarda birden çok akatizi oluşturucu ilacın kullanılması, SSRI dozunu ani artırma, daha önce akatizi öyküsünün varlığı, aşırı anksiyete, kadın cinsiyet ve geçirilmiş beyin travması akatizinin gelişmesi için yatkınlaştırıcı etkenlerdendir. Antidepresanların yarı ömrü ve antikolinerjik özellikleri de akatizi etiyolojisinde yer almaktadır. Akatizinin ayırıcı tanısında psikiyatrik bozukluklar, nörolojik ve metabolik hastalıklar göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Akatizi ılımlı bir yan etki değildir ve bazı çalışmalar akatizinin intiharla ilişkili olduğunu bildirmektedir. Beta-blokerler ve benzodiyazepinler akatizi için kabul edilen tedavi seçenekleridir.
Antidepressants and akathisia
Akathisia is a clinical entity, which is characterized by a subjective feeling of restlessness and fidgety movements. It is a term originated from old Greek [language] that means ‘’ not to sit’’ or ‘’can not sit’’. Although common side effects associated with antidepressants including sexual dysfunction, nausea, insomnia, weight gain, or headache are well established, our knowledge is limited about akathisia that is a very discomforting condition. Both objective and subjective criteria are required for the diagnosis of akathisia. Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale can be used for the patients who are suspected from akathisia. Although large epidemiological researches associated with akathisia were done with conventional antipsychotics; there is not a trial that investigated the prevalence of antidepressant-induced akathisia with large number of patients. The pathophysiology of akathisia is not clear. Because drugs that effect dopamine function directly or indirectly have a place in the etiology of akathisia, it is considered that dopaminergic system could be on the basic of pathophysiology. Using more than one drug that induce akathisia, increasing the SSRI dose suddenly, having akathisia history previously, excessive anxiety, being woman, having a history of brain trauma are the predisposant factors in the patients with SSRI induced akathisia. The half life and anticholinergic properties of antidepressants have a place in etiology. Psychiatric, neurologic, and metabolic disorders have to be considered in the differential diagnoses. Akathisia is not a mild side effect and several trials report that akathisia is associated with suicidality. Beta-blockers and benzodiazepines are well-established treatment options.

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