Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):19-20
Seçici serotonin geri alım inhibitörleriyle oluşan uygunsuz antidiüretik hormon sendromu ve hiponatremi
ÖA Özer
Atatürk Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Hiponatremi, serum sodyum konsantrasyonunun 130 mEq lt’nin altında olması olarak tanımlanır. Uygunsuz ADH salınımına bağlı ortaya çıkan hiponatremi, birçok medikal duruma ve ilaç kullanımına bağlı olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. SSRI kullanımına bağlı sekonder olarak gelişen fazla ADH salınımının 5-HT2 ve 5-HT1c reseptörleri ile oluştuğu varsayılmaktadır. Suyun aşırı retansiyonuna bağlı hiponatremi gelişir ve sodyum konsantrasyonu 120 mEq lt‘nin altına inerse nöropsikiyatrik belirtiler ortaya çıkar. Bulgular bulantı, kusma, kas güçsüzlüğü, baş ağrısı, letarji, ataxi, intrakranial basınç artışı, konvülsiyon ve komaya kadar gidebilir. Özellikle yaşlı hastalar, kadınlar, diüretik kullananlar, düşük beden ağırlığı ve düşük sodyum konsantrasyonu bulunan hastalar uygunsuz ADH sendromu açısından riskli gruplardır. Hiponatremi genellikle SSRI kullanımından sonraki ilk haftalarda ortaya çıkmakta ve ilacın kesilmesinden sonraki iki hafta içinde normale dönmektedir. Sıklığı 0.5-1 olarak bildirilmişse de, riskli gruplarda 32’ye kadar varan oranlar bildirilmiştir.
Tedavide ilacın kesilmesi, değiştirilmesi, sıvı kısıtlaması yeterli olur. Bazen de loop diüretiklerin, demoksisilin ve lityum kullanımı, hipertonik solüsyon verilmesi gerekebilir. Özellikle yaşlı hastalarda en sık kullanılan antidepresanlar olan SSRI grubu ilaçlar, nadir olarak hiponatremiye yol açabilir. Çoğu zaman asemptomatik olan, bazan ölüme kadar götürebilen yan etkileri olan bu durum riskli gruplarda akılda tutulmalıdır.

SSRI-induced inappropriate antidiuretic hormone syndrome and hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is described, as sodium level is lower than 130 mEq/lt. It is known that syn-drome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) resulting in hyponatremia can be associated with various medical conditions and drugs. It has been suggested that SIADH secondary to SSRI use can be mediated with 5-HT2 and 5-HT1c receptors that activate ADH secretion. Hyponatremia occurs because of water retention and when sodium level is lower than 120 mEq/lt, the patients exhibit neuropsychiatric symptoms. The symptoms and signs include emesis, vomiting, muscle weakness, headache, lethargia, ataxia, increased intracranial pres-sure, convulsion, and coma.

The older patients, women, the patients who had used diuretics, low body weight, low sodium level particularly have a high risk for SIADH. Generally, hyponatremia occurs within a few weeks after the beginning of SSRI use and end off within two weeks after the cessation of drug. Although it has been reported that frequency of disease is approximately 0.5-1, there is also literature data concerning that frequency can reach to 32 at the risky groups. In the treat-ment of syndrome, cessation, or changing of drug, fluid restriction can mostly be enough. However, it can be necessary to use of loop diuretics, demeclocycline, lithium, and hypertonic solution.SSRIs are often prescribed to especially older patients and rarely cause to hyponatremia. Although this clinical condition is usually asymptomatic, sometimes it may be a cause of death. Therefore, clinicians should be taken into account this condition at the particularly risky groups.

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