Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):18-19
Psikotrop ilaçlar ve bruksizm
M Kuloğlu
Fırat Üniversitesi, Elazığ
Bruksizm, diş gıcırdatma ve diş sıkma ile belirli güçlü çene hareketlerinin neden olduğu olağan dışı artmış aktivite olarak tanımlanan ve sık görülen bir bozukluktur. Bruksizmin özellikle mezokortikal yolaktaki dopaminerjik sistem bozukluğu ile ilişkili olduğu ve bu bölgede serotonerjik nörotransmisyonun dopaminerjik sistemi etkilemesinin neden olabileceği öne sürülmektedir. Bruksizm, parkinsonizm, depresyon, şizofreni gibi bozukluklar sırasında ya da bir ilaç kullanımı ile ortaya çıkıyorsa, "ikincil bruksizm" olarak adlandırılır.

Trisiklikler, bruksizm tedavisinde yoğun olarak kullanılan antidepresanlardır. Bu ajanların tedavi edici etkilerinin fizyolojik REM evresini kısaltma ve non-REM evresinin 4. basamağını uzatmaları şeklinde açıklanmaktadır. Santral sinir sistemin-de serotonin transmisyonunun artışı ile ilişkili olarak serotonin geri alım inhibibitörü ilaçlarla bruksizm arasında nedensel bir ilişki olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Genelde kabul edilen görüş, bu ajanların var olan bruksizmi ağırlaştırdıkları yönündedir. Bir serotonin/ noradrenalin geri alım inhibitörü olan venlafaksinin de bruksizm ortaya çıkarabileceği ya da var olan bruksizmi artırabileceği bildirilmiştir. Stresin bruksizmi kötüleştirdiği bilinmektedir ve bu nedenle tedavide anksiyete giderici ajanların etkili olması beklenir. Nitekim klonazepamın uyanıklık halindeki performansı değiştirmeksizin bruksizmi azalttığı ve uyku kalitesini iyileştirdiği bildirilmiştir. Postsi-naptik 5-HT1a parsiyel agonisti olan buspironun özellikle ilaçlar tarafından ortaya çıkmış ikincil bruksizm üzerinde iyileştirici etkisi olduğu da bildirilmiştir.

Bruksizmin etiyoloji ve tedavisine yönelik çalışmaların sayısı gün geçtikçe artsa da, bu klinik sorun hala anlaşılması zor ve tartışmaya açık bir konu olarak durmaktadır.
Psychotropic drugs and bruxism
Bruxism is an involuntary activity of the jaw musculature that is characterized, by jaw clenching and tooth grinding and it is a common condition. It has been postulated that disturbances in the central dopaminergic system, especially within the mesocortical tract, are linked to bruxism. In addition, it has been suggested that bruxism is considered to be a consequence of serotonergically mediated inhibition of the dopaminergic system in this brain region. Bruxism can occur during the course of various diseases such as depression, schizophrenia, parkinsonism or it can be associated wit drug use. In these conditions, it is named as “secondary bruxism”.

Tricyclic antidepressants are commonly used in the treatment of bruxism. These agents suppress the physiologic REM sleep state and increase in level four of NREM and this effect is considered a major factor in ameliorating bruxism. It has been suggested a possible relation-ship between SSRI and bruxism, claiming that substances known to increase serotonin trans-mission in the CNS could affect bruxism. There seems to be a general agreement that these agents exacerbate bruxism. In addition, it has been reported that venlafaxine, a serotonine noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, may induce or exacerbate bruxism in humans. As stress has been implicated in the exacerbation of bruxism in humans anxiolytic or sedative hypnotic drugs are often suggested as effective in the treatment of bruxism. Thus, it has been found that clona-zepam therapy significantly improved not only the bruxism but also objective and subjective sleep quality, with unchanged performance upon awakening. It has been reported that buspirone, a partial agonist of the 5-HT1A receptor, ameliorates especially drug-induced bruxism.

Although an increasing number of studies on the etiology and management of bruxism, this clinical problem is still difficult to understand and as a subject open to discussion in our stands.

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