Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2009; Cilt: 10; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2009;10(Ek 1):13-14
Psikiyatrinin aşka bakışı nedir, ne olmalıdır?
A Erol
Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Eskişehir
Aşkı açıklamaya çalışan kuramlardan biri olan biyolojik model, susuzluk veya açlık gibi aşkı bir dürtü olarak ele almaktadır. Aşk, kişileri duygusal yakınlık ve samimiyet yoluyla bağlar ve tutkulu uyarılma ile cinselliğe hazırlar ve son hedef olan gelecek nesillere genlerin taşınmasını sağlar. Bu bakış açısına göre, aşıklar neslin sürdürülmesi amacına hizmet etmektedir. “Aşk hastalığı” aşık olma sürecinde yaşanan zihinsel ve tıbbi belirtileri tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır ve bu belirtiler mani, depresyon, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ve sanrısal bozukluk gibi mental bozukluklarla benzerlikler göstermekte-dir. Patolojik aşk da aynı anlamda kullanılmak-tadır. Aşk hastalığının mental bozukluklara benzerlikleri şöyle sıralanabilir: Mani veya hipomani (aşırı kabarmış mizaç, şişmiş benlik değe-ri), depresyon (ağlamaklı olmak, uykusuzluk, konsantrasyon güçlüğü), OKB (sevgiliyle ilgili fikir uğraşları, ruminasyonlar, takıntılar ve sürekli kontrol etme) mide bulantısı, iştah değişiklikleri, uykusuzluk, baş dönmesi ve şaşkınlık gibi belirtiler. Söz konusu mental bozukluklarla aşkın benzerlikleri vardır, ama aşk hiçbiri değildir aslında ve aşk hastalık değildir. Aşk, yas gibi fizyolojik bir yaşam olayıdır; aynı şekilde yas gibi depresyonla, maniyle, sanrısal bozuklukla, OKB ile komplike olabilir. Bu bozuklukların ortaya çıkmasında aşkın rolü, psikopatolojiyi tetikleyici etken olmasıdır. Aşkın patolojik görünmesi aşık olan kişinin veya aşıkların kişisel psikopatolojilerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Aşk hastalık gibi göründüğünde bile, bu kişisel psikopatolojinin/ psikopatolojilerin aşka bulaşmasından dolayıdır. Bu kuramsal çerçeveye göre aşk hastalığı terimi doğru değildir. Bu bakış açısının avantajı aşkı hastalık olmaktan kurtarmasıdır ki, aşk hastalığı terimi psikiyatrinin sırtında olumsuz bir yüktür. Psikiyatri aşkı bir bozukluk olarak ele aldığında, hem aşkın yaşamdaki yerini doğru belirleyemediği, hem de en önemli yaşam sorunlarından biri olan aşkı bile bir bozukluk olarak gördüğü eleştirilerine maruz kalmaktadır. Aşk ve psikiyatrinin aşka bakışı konusu bu bağlamda tartışılacaktır.
What is the theoretical view of psychiatry to the love, and how it should be?
Biological models of love tend to see love as a mammalian drive, similar to hunger or thirst. Love bonds individuals emotionally through intimacy and physically through passionate arousal and prepares for sex and as a final target love helps pass genes to future generations. In this point of view, the persons falling in love are the servants of survival of species. “Love sickness” or is used to describe mental and physical symptoms associated with falling in love. “Pathological love” is also used for the same meaning. Moreover, these symptoms may actually have diagnostic similarities with mental ill-ness like mania, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and delusional disorder. Some of the symptom clusters shared with “love sickness” include: mania or hypomania (abnormally elevated mood, inflated self esteem.); depression (tearfulness, insomnia, loss of concentra-tion); OCD (preoccupation, constantly checking); psychologically created physical symptoms, such as upset stomach, change in appetite, insomnia, dizziness, and confusion. These are the similarities of love with mental illnesses but love is not a real mental illness or sickness. Love is a life event and physiological event like mourning; it could be complicated with depress-sion, mania, delusional disorder or OCD and sickness is not depend on the love; the role of love in these sickness presentations is just a trigger. Pathological appearance of love is the result of the psychopathology of the person (or partners) falling in love. Love seems patholo-gical because the partner/s of falling love is/are pathological. They make the love seem “sick” because of their individual psychopathologies. In reality, their psychopathologies make love “sick” or “mad”. Therefore, the term love sickness is not convenient term for love in theoretical point of view. This point of view of love is discussed in detail.

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