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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(2):135-142
Major depresif bozukluğu olan hastalarda essitaloprama folik asit ekleme tedavisi ve homosistein, folik asit, B-12 vitamini düzeyleri
C Başoğlu, MA Ateş, A Algül, OM İpçioğlu, Ö Geçici, O Yılmaz, ÜB Semiz, S Ebrinç, M Gülsün, Ö Özcan, S Kılıç, M Çetin
GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi Psikiyatri Kliniği, İstanbul
Amaç: Tıbbi yazında Major Depresif Bozukluğu (MDB) olan ve antidepresan ilaç verilen hastalarda folik asit ekleme tedavisinin klinik iyileşmeye katkısı olduğunu ortaya koyan çalışmalar vardır. Bu çalışmanın öncelikli amacı; ilk kez psikotrop tedavi alacak olan MDB tanısı konan hastalara essitalopram tedavisine folik asit eklemenin tedaviye olan katkısını değerlendirmektir. İkincil amaç ise, MDB hastalarında psikometrik ölçümler, folik asit, total homosistein (tHst), B- 12 vitamini seviyeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışma örneklemini oluşturan toplam 35 MDB hastası iki gruba ayrıldı: Ardışık olarak bir gruba; günlük 10 mg essitaloprama ek olarak 2,5 mg folik asit verilirken (n=20), diğer gruba sadece günde 10 mg essitalopram verildi (n=15). Tüm hastalar DSM-IV�e göre major depresyon tanı kriterlerini karşılamakta olup, kontrol grubu 32 sağlıklı gönüllüden oluşmaktaydı. Depresyon semptomlarının şiddeti, Montgomery-Asberg Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği (MADDÖ) ile değerlendirilirken, hastalığın şiddeti Klinik Global Değerlendirme ölçeğinin (KGD) uygun modülü kullanılarak ölçüldü. MADDÖ de başlangıç skoruna göre %50 azalma sağlanması tedaviye yanıt olarak kabul edildi. Gruplarda depresif semptom şiddeti, Folik asit, B-12 vitamini ve tHst seviyeleri tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası (altıncı hafta) ölçülerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Tüm MDB hastalarının essitalopram tedavisine klinik yanıtı %53,4 olarak saptanırken (n=35), başlangıçtaki ölçümlerde tüm hastaların serum folik asit ve plazma tHst seviyeleri arasında belirgin negatif korelasyon vardı (Spearmanr=-0.426 ve p=0.011). Yalnız essitalopram alan hastaları n %80�i tedaviye olumlu yanıt verirken, folik asit ekleme tedavisi alan hastaların cevap oranı %35 olarak tespit edildi (P =0.016). Ayrıca hastaların plazma tHst düzeyleri sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha yüksekken (z= -2.72, p= 0.006) idrar tHst düzeyleri daha düşük saptanmıştır(z= -6.48, p<0.001). Tartışma: Essitalopramın çok sayıda araştırma ile antidepresan etkisi kanıtlanmış olmasına rağmen, bu çalışmada folik asit ekleme tedavisinin daha önce yapılan çalışmaların tersine antidepresan etkinliğe katkı sağlamadığı anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte bu konuda, daha uzun süreli folik asit kullanımına imkan sağlayan ve daha geniş popülasyonda yapılacak kontrollü prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Ayrıca MDB olan hastalarda antidepresan tedaviye cevabı değerlendirirken folat düzeylerinin yanında B 12 vitamini gibi diğer değişkenlerin de hesaba katılması gerekmektedir.
Adjuvant folate with escitalopram treatment and homocystein, folate, vitamin B-12 levels in patients with major depressive disorder
Objective: Folate supplementation in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been investigated in clinical studies with promising results. The primary objective of this trial was to study the effect of adjuvant folate treatment with escitalopram in MDD patients. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the relationships between the levels of three metabolites [Folic acid; total homocysteine (tHcy); vitamin B12] and psychometric measurements in patients with MDD. Methods: Thirty five patients with major depression were randomly divided into two groups; receiving either 2.5 mg folic acid in addition to 10 mg escitalopram (n=20) and receiving only 10 mg escitalopram (n=15) daily. The comparison group consisted of 32 healthy volunteers. All the patients were evaluated by using the Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Clinical response was defined by at least a 50 % reduction in baseline MADRS total scores. The depressive symptoms of patients, samples of folate, vit-B12 and tHcy levels were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: The clinical response to treatment was 53.4% (n=35) in all patients. A percentage of 80% of patients, who received only escitalopram, showed a good response (50% reduction in score) as compared to 35% of patients who received adjuvant folic acid supplementation beside escitalopram (P =0.016). There was a negative correlation between serum folate and plasma tHcy levels of patients at baseline (Spearman r=-0.426 and p=0.011). In addition, patients had higher mean plasma tHcy (z= -2.72, p= 0.006) and lower urine tHcy levels (z= -6.48, p<0.001) than controls. Conclusions: Although escitalopram is proved to have antidepressant effect via numerous studies; conversely to the prior studies, folic acid augmentation had no effect of enhancing the antidepressant action in this study. Furthermore, controlled prospective studies administering folate treatment for longer time that involve a wider range of population are needed. Additionally, while evaluating the antidepressant treatment response of MDD, it is necessary to take variables like vit B-12 deficiency into account besides folate levels.

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