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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2009;19(2):101-112
Şizofreni ve şizoaffektif bozukluk akut alevlenmesi olan hastalarda ziprasidon ile risperidon'un klinik etkinlik, ekstrapiramidal, kardiyak ve metabolik yan etkilerinin karşılaştırılması
B Sönmez, E Vardar, GD Altun, E Abay, D Bedel
Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, Edirne-Türkiye
Amaç: Atipik antipsikotik ilaçlar tipik antipsikotik ilaçlardan farklı klinik yan etkilere sahiptirler. Atipik antipsikotik ilaçların arasında da yan etki farklılıkları görülmektedir. Atipik antipsikotik ilaçlar arasında klozapin dışında klinik yararlanım açısından fark olmaması, klinisyen için ilaç tercihinde yan etkileri ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Antipsikotik ilaçların göreceli etkinlik ve yan etki profillerinin belirlenmesi için daha fazla klinik karşılaştırma çalışmasına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Biz bu çalışmada şizofreni ve şizoaffektif bozukluk akut alevlenmesi olan hastalarda ziprasidon ile risperidon tedavilerinin klinik etkinliğini, ekstrapiramidal, metabolik ve kardiyak yan etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanımlanması ve Sınışandırması El Kitabı, Gözden Geçirilmiş Dördüncü Baskı (DSM-IVTR) tanı ölçütlerine göre şizofreni veya şizoaffektif bozukluk akut alevlenmesi olan toplam 22 hasta, 6 hafta süreyle ziprasidon 80-160 mg/gün (n=11) veya risperidon 4-8 mg/gün (n=11) almak üzere rasgele dağıtıldı. Etkinlik değerlendirmeleri için pozitif ve negatif sendrom ölçeği (PANSS-T) toplam puanı, pozitif semptomlar alt ölçeği (PANSS-P) ve negatif semptomlar (PANSS-N) alt ölçeği kullanıldı. Hareket bozukluğu değerlendirmeleri için Anormal İstemsiz Hareketler Ölçeği (Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, AIMS), Simpson-Angus Nöroleptiklere Bağlı Hareket Bozukluklarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği (Simpson-Angus Scale, SAS) ve Barnes Akatizi Ölçeği (Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, BARS) kullanıldı. Metabolik yan etkiler laboratuar testleri, beden ağırlığı ve beden kitle indeksi ölçümleri ile değerlendirildi. Kardiyak yan etkileri değerlendirmek için elektrokardiyografi ve radyonüklid ventrikülografi (Multigated Equilibrium Acquisition, MUGA scan) incelemeleri yapıldı. Çalışmayı tamamlayan 20 hastanın verileri analiz edildi. Çalışma açık uçlu ve randomize olarak yürütüldü. Bulgular: Her iki antipsikotik ilaç da klinik bulgularda anlamlı düzelme sağladı. Başlangıç ve sonlanım etkinlik değerlendirmelerinde her iki tedavi grubu arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Risperidon grubunda 7. ve 21. günlerde SAS ölçeğine göre parkinsonizm bulgularında anlamlı artış oldu. Ziprasidon, beden ağırlığı ve glikoz düzeyleri üzerine daha olumlu etkiler gösterdi. Risperidon grubunda 42. günde prolaktin düzeylerinde anlamlı yükseklik vardı. İki ilaç arasında QTc uzaması açısından fark yoktu, ancak ziprasidon grubunda 21. ve 42. günlerde başlangıca göre anlamlı düzeyde QTc uzaması saptandı. Başlangıç ve sonlanım sol ventrikül sistolik ve diyastolik fonksiyonlarının ölçümlerinde, her iki tedavi grubu arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuçlar: Klinik olarak risperidon ve ziprasidon�un etkinliğinin benzer olduğu bulunmuştur. Risperidon�un ekstrapiramidal ve metabolik yan etkileri ziprasidon�a göre daha fazla görülürken, QTc uzaması ziprasidonda daha fazla görülmüştür. MUGA değerlendirmesinde ise gruplar arasında fark yoktur.
Ziprasidone versus risperidone: Comparison of clinical efficacy and cardiac, extrapyramidal, and metabolic side effects in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders
Objective: Atypical antipsychotics have different clinical side
effect profiles than typical antipsychotic agents. Also, side
effect profiles of atypical antipsychotic agents are different
from each other. As there are no proven significant clinical
superiority among atypicals other than clozapine, clinicians
make their atypical choice decisions according to side effect
profiles. More clinical comparison studies are needed to
discern the relative efficacy and side effect profiles of atypical
antipsychotics. In this study we aimed to compare clinical
efficacy and extrapyramidal, metabolic, and cardiac side
effects of ziprasidone and risperidone in patients with acute
exacerbation of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders.
Method: A total 22 patients diagnosed with acute
exacerbation of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) were
randomly assigned to receive ziprasidone 80-160 mg/day
(n=11) or risperidone 4-8 mg/day (n=11) for 6 weeks. Positive
and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (PANSS-T), positive
symptoms subscale (PANSS-P) and negative symptoms
subscale (PANSS-N) were used as efficacy measures.
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Simpson-
Angus Scale (SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), were
employed for movement disorder evaluations. Metabolic
side effects were tested by checking laboratory tests, body
weight, and body mass index measures. Electrocardiography
and radionuclide ventriculography (Multigated Equilibrium
Acquisition- MUGA scan) scan were used for cardiac side
effect assessments. The data for twelwe patients, who
complated the study were analyzed. The study was designed
and conducted as a randomized open label trial.
Results: Both antipsychotic drugs improved clinical
symptoms significantly. The two treatment groups did not
differ significantly in efficacy measures at the initial and
endpoint assessments. There was statistically significant
increase in parkinsonism symptoms on the 7th and 21st day
evaluations in risperidone group according to SAS.
Ziprasidone exhibited more beneficial effects on body
weight and glucose levels. There was significant increase in
prolactin levels on the 42th day lab result with risperidone.
There was no difference betweeen the two drugs in terms of
prolongation of QTc interval. But, ziprasidone induced more
QTc prolongation on the 21st and 42th day ECGs according
to baseline than risperidone. The two treatment groups did
not differ significantly in left ventricular systolic and diastolic
function measures at initial and endpoint assessments.
Conclusions: Both drugs demonstrated significant clinical
improvement. Risperidone had more extrapyramidal and
endocrine side effects than ziprasidone. Ziprasidone had
more QTc prolongation than the risperidone. MUGA results
did not differ significantly between two groups.

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