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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Klinik Aktüel Tıp NöroPsikiyatri Forumu; 2009;3(1):24-29
Psikiyatrik Hastalıkta Cinsiyet Etkisi
D Şahin, E Abay
Kırklareli Üniv. Sağlık Yükseokulu, Kırklareli
İnsanın yaşam boyu bedensel, ruhsal ve sosyal sağlığı beyninin gelişimi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Beyin gelişimi bireyin kendi kendine güven, sağlıklı bağlanma, çevresi ile uyumlu ilişkiler kurma gibi yeteneklerinin gelişimini doğrudan etkileyerek, bireyin ruhsal ve sosyal sağlığında belirli bir rol oynamaktadır.Beyin yapısının ve işlevlerinin cinsiyete bağlı değişiklikler gösterdiği, özellikle son yıllarda yoğun araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Kadın ve erkeklerin davranışsal olarak birbirinden farklı oluşlarının neden kaynaklandığı yıllardır tartışıla gelen bir konudur. Son nörobilimsel çalışmalar bu farkın iki cins arası beyin farklılıklarından (anatomik, fizyolojik, nörohormonal ve işlevsel) kaynaklandığı düşüncesini desteklemektedir. Çünkü beyin morfolojisinde ve fizyolojisindeki bu farklılıklar hem kadın ve erkek davranışlarında önemli farklılıkları meydana getirmekte, hem de özellikle psikiyatride pek çok hastalık patogenezi ve tedavisinde önemli role sahip görülmektedir .Psikiyatrik hastalıklarla cinsiyet arasında ilişkiyi araştıran birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletieri'nde Ulusal Ek-tanı Araştırması'nda (National Comorbidity Survey) DSM-III-R ölçütlerine göre 12 aylık ve ömür boyu psikiyatrik hastalık riski incelenmiş ve örnek grubunda hayat boyu herhangi bir psikiyatrik hastalık gözlenme riski (prevalans-standart sapma) kadınlarda %47.3±1.5, erkeklerde %48.7±0.2 olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca aynı çalışmada ruhsal hastalıkların yaş, cinsiyet gibi demografik özelliklere göre farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır.
Bu doğrultuda ele aldığımız makalemizde bazı psikiyatrik hastalıkların cinsiyetle ilişkisini inceleyeceğiz.

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