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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Klinik Aktüel Tıp NöroPsikiyatri Forumu; 2009;3(1):11-13
Unipolar Depresyon
A Oğuz
Erciyes Üniv. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri ABD, Kayseri
Sıklıkla "Unipolar Majör Depresyon", bazen da yalnızca "Depresyon" olarak da adlandırılır. Unipolar sözcüğünün dilimizdeki karşıtı tek kutuplu demektir ve bu da depresyon epizotlarını hiçbir zaman manik ya da mikst epizotların izlemediğini ya da izlemeyeceğini ifade eder. Türkçemizde "Ruhsal Çöküntü" ya da "Ruhsal Çökkünlük" olarak kullanabileceğimiz bu sözcük ingilizce ve Fransızcada da okunuşları farklı olmasına karşın depresyon diye anılmaktadır. Bu ülkelerde, bu sözcük hastaların ana dillerindeki bir sözcük olmasına karşın, genelde bu sözcük ile hekimlerin kastettikleri ile, hastaların ve yakınlarının bu sözcükten anladıkları, ya da tersine, hastaların ve yakınlarının bu sözcükle kastettikleri ile hekimlerin bu sözcükten anladıkları arasında ciddi uyumsuzluklar olabilmektedir . Majör depresyon sıklıkla yineleyici epizotlarla seyreden yaygın ve ciddi bir hastalıktır .
Depresyon süreğen ve patolojik bir ruhsal süreçtir. Depresyondaki bir hasta çevresindeki her şeyi, kendini, dünyayı ve geleceği kara gözlüklerle görür. Umutsuzluk, umarsızlık, desteksizlik, değersizlik duyguları ile karakterize bir rahatsızlık durumudur. Bazı durumlarda hastalar hiçbir şeye üzülemediklerini ya da hiçbir şeye sevinemediklerini, adeta duygularının öldüğünü ifade ederler. Bu duruma Fransız ekolünde "anesthesie affective doulereux" denilir. Türkçe "ağrılı duygusal hissizlik' demektir ve hastaya çok acı çektirdiği için intihar riskini arttıran ve dikkat edilmesi gereken bir durumdur.
Depresyon üzüntüden farklıdır. Depresyondan iyileşen hastalar üzüntülerinin süregittiğini bildirirler. Çünkü üzüntünün bir nedeni vardır ve o neden geçmedikçe üzüntü geçmez. Neden ortadan kalkınca da üzüntü sonlanır ve üzüntü kişinin kendisini suçlamasına neden olmaz; depresyonda ise kendini suçlama vardır.

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