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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2008;19(4):349-357
İki Uçlu Bozuklukta Birikme Etkisi: İki Nesil Arasında Bir Karşılaştırma
Z Yüncü, S Kesebir, F Akdeniz, S Vahip
EgeBAM (Ege Üniv. Çocuk Ergen Alkol ve Madde Bağ. Araş. ve Uyg. Merkezi), İzmir
Amaç: Antisipasyon (birikme etkisi) adı verilen kalıtım kalıbı bir hastalıkla etkilenmiş bireylerde ardışık nesillerde daha erken başlangıç yaşı ve daha yüksek hastalık şiddeti ile birliktelik gösterir. BP bozuklukta da birikme etkisi görüngüsünün geçerli olabileceği öne sürülmüştür.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmada birikme etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amacı ile iki uçlu bozukluk tip 1 tanılı hem çocukta (s2= 31) hem de ebeveynde-anne ya da baba- (s1= 31) ardışık iki nesilde hastalığın klinik özellikleri ve gidişi incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: s2'de hastalığın başlangıç yaşı (19.3±4.2) s1'de n (29.5±10.2)düşük bulunmuştur (u= 345, p< 0.001). Birinci ve ikinci nesil olguların başlangıç yaşları arasında negatif yönde doğrusal bir ilişki mevcuttur (r= 0.554, p< 0.001). Toplam dönem sayısı s1'de s2'de n daha çok sayıda iken (13.9±12.3 ve 8.7±7), toplam dönem oranı s2'de (0.6±0.3 ve 1.5±1.2) daha yüksektir (u= 357, p< 0.001). Birinci ve ikinci nesil olguların toplam dönem oranları ve manik dönem oranları arasında doğrusal bir ilişki vardır (r= 0.312, p< 0.001 ve r= 0.365, p< 0.001). Psikotik bulgulu ebeveynlerin % 72.7'i nin çocuklarının da psikotik bulgulu dönem yaşadığı saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, iki uçlu bozuklukta birikme etkisi, ikinci nesilde başlangıç yaşının daha erken ve dönem sıklığının daha fazla olması yönünde doğrulanmaktadır. Buna ek olarak psikotik bulgulu dönemler birikme etkisinin bir değişkeni olarak önerilmektedir.
Anticipation in Bipolar Disorder: A Comparison Between Two Generations
Objective: The genetic phenomenon of anticipation is a pattern of inheritance that includes earlier age at onset and increased severity of symptoms in succeeding generations, and is a feature of some neurodegenerative diseases. This phenomenon is suggested to occur in bipolar disorder (BP) as well.

Method: Anticipation in children with BP type 1 (s2) (n= 31) and their parents (s1) (n= 31) ?consecutive generations?was assessed by analyzing clinical characteristics and prognoses.

Results: Age at onset of BP type 1 in s2 (mean: 19.3 ± 4.2 [year]s) occurred earlier than in s1 (mean: 29.5 ± 10.2 [year]s) (u = 345, P < 0.001). There was a direct negative correlation between the s1 and s2 cases (r = ?0.554, P < 0.001). The total number of episodes in s1 (13.9 ± 12.3) was greater than in s2 (8.7 ± 7), which had a higher frequency of episodes (0.6 ± 0.3 and 1.5 ± 1.2) (u = 357, P < 0.001). There was a direct correlation between total episodes and the frequency of manic episodes between s1 and s2 (r = 0.312, P < 0.001 and r = 0.365, P < 0.001, respectively). We observed that 72.7% of BP type 1 parents that had episodes with psychotic features had offspring that had episodes with psychotic features.

Conclusions: Results of this study show that age at onset was earlier and the frequency of episodes was greater in s2 BP type 1 cases. In addition, episodes with psychotic features might be a marker for genetic anticipation.

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