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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2008;18(4):288-295
Bir üniversite hastanesi konsültasyon liyezon servisinde psikiyatrik hastalıkların psikiyatri dışı hekimlerce doğru tanınma oranları
ÖÖ Sertöz, GÖ Doğanavşargil, MA Noyan, E Altıntoprak, H Elbi
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, Konsültasyon Liyezon Psikiyatrisi Bilim Dalı
Amaç: Psikiyatrik komorbidite hastanede yatış süresinin uzaması, artmış morbidite ve mortalite riski ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Örneğin, erişkinlerde tüm yaş gruplarında kognitif bozuklukların hastanede yatış süresini uzattığı ve artmış morbidite ve mortalite ile ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bedensel hastalıklarda psikiyatrik komorbidite yeterince tanınmamakta ve tedavi edilmemektedir. Bu çalışmada yatan hastalarda psikiyatrik hastalıkların doğru tanınma oranları ve psikiyatri hekimi ile hastanın birincil bakımından sorumlu hekimi arasındaki psikiyatrik tanı uyumunun araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: 1 Ocak 2003 - 30 Haziran 2003 tarihleri arasında istenen tüm psikiyatri konsültasyonları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiş ve konsültan psikiyatristin belirlediği son psikiyatrik tanıya karşın hastanın birincil bakımından sorumlu hekimin belirlediği ilk psikiyatrik tanı arasındaki doğruluk oranı ve iki hekim arasındaki tanı uyumu hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 580 (erkek hastalar n= 277, %47.8; kadın hastalar n=303, %52.2) psikiyatri konsültasyonundan oluşan örneklemin yaş ortalaması, 46.36 ± 19.83 yıl bulunmuştur. Psikiyatri konsültasyonu isteyen kliniklerin dağılımına bakıldığında, yerinde konsültasyon isteminin %40’ı cerrahi kliniklerinden (genel cerrahi, plastik cerrahi, kadın doğum, göğüs kalp damar cerrahisi, beyin cerrahisi, ortopedi ve üroloji), %25.3’ü acil servisden, %10.5’i dahiliye ve %24.7’si diğer kliniklerden yapılmıştır. Altı aylık sürede yerinde konsültasyon istenen 580 hastanın psikiyatrik tanı dağılımı depresif bozukluklar (%33.8), anksiyete bozuklukları (%4), uyum bozuklukları (%13.3), psikotik bozukluklar (%6.6), kognitif bozukluklar (%14.3), bipolar bozukluk (%1.4), alkol ve madde kullanım bozuklukları (%4.8), kişilik bozuklukları (%1.7), aktif psikopatoloji yok (%14) ve diğer (%6.1) şeklinde sınışandırılmıştır. Psikiyatri dışı hekimlerce beş farklı psikiyatrik hastalık tanı kategorisi için konsültasyon istenmiştir. Bu tanı kategorileri içinde depresif bozukluklar, kognitif bozukluklar, madde kullanım bozuklukları, anksiyete bozuklukları ve somatoform bozukluklar yer almıştır. Psikoz, bipolar bozukluk, uyum bozukluğu ön tanısı ile psikiyatri konsültasyonu istenmemiştir. Bu nedenle yukarıda belirtilen beş tanı kategorisi için tanı doğruluğu ve iki hekim arasındaki tanı uyumu incelenmiştir. Depresif ve kognitif bozuklukların doğru tanınma oranları birbirine benzer (sırasıyla, %57 ve %52.3) bulunmasına karşın, alkol-madde kullanım bozukluklarına %79.2 oranında doğru tanı konmuştur. Anksiyete bozuklukları ve somatoform bozukluklar için doğru tanınma oranları sırasıyla %26.5 ve %41.2 bulunmuştur. Madde kullanım bozuklukları tanısı koymada iki hekim arasındaki uyum yüksek (kappa değeri=0.718), geri kalan dört tanı kategorisinde (depresif bozukluklar, kognitif bozukluklar, anksiyete bozuklukları, somatoform bozukluklar) tanı uyumu orta ya da düşük düzeyde bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Bu çalışma madde kullanım bozukluklarının hastanın birincil bakımından sorumlu hekimlerce iyi tanındığını göstermesine karşın, yatan hastalarda daha sık gözlenen depresyon ve anksiyete bozukluklarının doğru tanınmasının zayıf düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir.
Accuracy rates of recognition of psychiatric disorders by nonpsychiatry specialists in a consultation-liaison service of a university hospital
Objective: Psychiatric comorbidity has been found to be associated with increased length of hospital stay, increased morbidity and mortality. For example cognitive disorders were found to be associated with increased length of hospital stay, increased morbidity, and mortality for adult patients of all ages. Although psychiatric comorbidity is high in medical illnesses, it is not recognized and treated sufficiently. In this study we aimed to investigate the accuracy of all psychiatric referrals and agreement between primary medical providers and consulting psychiatrists in terms of initial and final psychiatric diagnosis. Method: A retrospective review of all consultation requests from January 1, to June 30, 2003 was evaluated. The accuracy rate between the initial psychiatric diagnoses determined by primary medical providers and the final psychiatric diagnoses determined by consultant psychiatrists was calculated and measure of agreement in terms of psychiatric diagnoses between two doctors was evaluated. Results: A total of 580 psychiatric referrals (277 men, 47.8%; 303 women, 52.2%) were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age of the sample was 46.36 (SD=19.83) [year]s. Psychiatric referrals were requested 40% from surgery departments (general surgery, plastic and reconstructive surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, chest heart blood vessel surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, and urology), 25.3% from emergency service, 10.5% from internal medicine departments, and 24.7 % from other inpatient clinics of the center. Final psychiatric diagnoses of 580 patients were classified as depressive disorders (33.8%), anxiety disorders (4%), adjustment disorders (13.3%), psychotic disorders (6.6%), cognitive disorders (14.3%), bipolar disorder (1.4%), alcohol and substance use disorders (4.8%), personality disorders (1.7%), no active psychopathology (14%) and other (6.1%). In this study primary medical providers requested psychiatric referrals for five different psychiatric disorder categories. They were; depressive disorders, cognitive disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders. There were no psychiatric referrals for psychosis, adjustment disorder or bipolar disorder. Therefore in this study accuracy rates of five psychiatric disorder categories and agreement between two doctors were assessed. The accuracy rates of depressive and cognitive disorders were similar (57% and 52.3% respectively) hence substance use disorders were assigned 79.2% accurately. The accuracy rates for anxiety disorders and somatoform disorders were 26.5% and 41.2% respectively. The degree of agreement between two doctors for substance use disorders was high (kappa value=0.718), but for the rest four diagnostic categories (depressive disorders, cognitive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders) it was moderate or low. Conclusions: This study showed that substance use disorders were recognized well, whereas, depression and anxiety disorders which are seen more frequently than other psychiatric disorders among inpatients were recognised poorly by primary medical care providers.

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