Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2008; Cilt: 46; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Yeni Symposium; 2008;46(4):215-220
Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma: Obstrüktif Uyku ApneSendromuna (OSAS) Eşlik Eden Psikiyatrik Hastalıklar
EE Bakar, H Yılmaz
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı Manisa
Amaç: Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu (OSAS) basit horlamadan ciddi hastalıkların (pulmoner,
kardiyovasküler, psikiyatrik vb) birlikte görüldüğü tablolara kadar uzanan geniş semptomlar dizisini
kapsar.
Çalışmamızdaki amacımız elde ettiğimiz ham verilerden yola çıkarak, OSAS tanısı konan hastalarda
gözlenen psikiyatrik hastalıkların çeşitliliğini incelemek, tipik semptom ve bulgulara eşlik eden
psikiyatrik hastalıklar spektrumunu literatür bilgileri ışığında tartışmaktır.
Yöntem: Çalışmamıza; laboratuarımıza 2004-2007 arasında, OSAS semptomlarıyla başvurarak, uyku
apne protokolüne uygun şekilde, Embla A-10, N-7000 Ë cihazlarıyla, minimum 7 saat video-EEG polisomnografi
tetkikleri yapılan ve kat'i OSAS tanısı alan olgular seçildi. Seçilen olgular; psikiyatri
uzmanları tarafından değerlendirildi, DSM IV kriterlerine göre konulmuş, psikiyatrik hastalık tanısı olanlar çalışmaya alındı.
Bulgular: Taradığımız 235 olgunun %23.8'nde eşlik eden en az 1 psikiyatrik hastalık vardı. Bu olgularda
depresyon sıklığı %92.8, şizofreni %7.1, OKB (Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk) %3.5, bipolar
bozukluluğun depresif epizodu %1.7 oranında tesbit edildi. OSAS ve eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalığı olan olguların uyku yapıları incelendi, %68'inde AHI (Apne-hipopne indeksi) artmış olarak bulundu.
Tartışma: OSAS'ta uyku devamlılığı bozulur ve fragmentedir, yüzeysel uyku süresi artar, derin uyku
ile REM uykusu suprese olur. Psikiyatrik hastalıklardan depresyonda, uykuya dalmakta güçlük çekme,
gece içinde sık sık uyanma nedeniyle uyku bütünlüğünde bozulmalar, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu ve şizofrenide fragmente bir uyku, uyku veriminde azalma ve OSAS ile birlikteliklerinde sıklıkla yüksek AHI'leri izlenir.
Çalışmamızda OSAS kliniğine eşlik eden psikiyatrik hastalıklar spektrumu, literatür bilgileri ışığında
tartışılmıştır. Daha büyük serilerde yapılacak benzeri çalışmalar, OSAS'lı olgularda gözlenen psikiyatrik
hastalıklar yelpazesinin anlaşılmasını ve yaklaşım farklılıklarının ortaya konmasını sağlayacaktır.

A Descriptive Study: Psychiatric Diseases Accompanying Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)
Purpose: OSAS is a disease which involves a wide range of symptoms from simple snoring extending
up to the tables accompanied by serious cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine and psychiatric
diseases.
In our study; we aimed to look into the variety of the psychiatric diseases observed in patients with
diagnosis of OSAS and to discuss the spectrum of psychiatric diseases accompanied by the typical
clinical symptoms and findings in light of literature.
Methods: The cases who visited our outpatient clinic in between 2004-2007 and reveived preliminary
diagnosis of OSAS were inspected all night through video-EEG-polysomnography by certificated
sleep technicians using devices of Embla A-10, N-7000Ë in accordance with sleep apnea protocol
in order to trace the change in sleep structure and breathing events.
All the cases were assessed by a psychiatric expert and those who had the diagnosis of psychiatric
disease according to the criteria of DSM IV were included in the study.
Results: Of 235 cases, in 23.8%, there found to have at least one comorbid psychiatric disease. In
these cases, the frequency of the depression was 92.8%, schizophrenia was 7.1%, OCD (obsessive
compulsive disorder) was 3.5%, and bipolar disorder - depressive episode was 1.7%. OSAS and the
sleep structure of the cases having psychiatric disorders were investigated. AHI (Apnea-hypopneaindex) increased in 68% of the cases.
Discussion: The sleep continuity in OSAS gets broken and is fragmental. The superficial sleep duration
increases, deep sleep and REM sleep get suppressed. In such psychiatric diseases as depression
difficulty in falling asleep, destruction in sleep integrity due to the frequent wake-ups are observed.
In generalized anxiety disorder and schizophrenia, a fragmental sleep and decrease in sleep
efficiency are observed. When the psychiatric disease is accompanied by OSAS, high rate of AHI
are frequently encountered.
Conclusion: Our study examines the variety of the psychiatric diseases observed in patients with
diagnosis of OSAS and makes discussions in light of the psychiatric disease spectrum literature data
accompanying the OSAS clinic.
Similar studies in bigger serials will ensure the psychiatric disease spectrum seen in cases with
OSAS to be understood and diversities in approach against these cases to get clarified.

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