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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2008;18(3):201-207
Sürücülerde alkol dışı madde kullanımının saptanması: Neden? Nasıl? Nerede?
SA Akgür, AE Altıntoprak, Z Yüncü, H Çoşkunol
Ege Üniversitesi Zehir Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, İzmir-Türkiye
This article describes the background, legislations and new approaches in Turkey for control of drug use of drivers. In recent [year]s, in parallel to the widespread use of illicit drugs, the number of drivers affected by drugs is also increasing. It is well established that alcohol impairs driving ability and increases the risk of accidents. New studies show the contribution of illicit drugs to fatal/nonfatal road accidents. With the addition of social, economical and cultural factors, the traffic of drugs has resulted in an increased ratio of drugs of abuse and addiction in our country which is located in a crowded transition area (UNCLEAR). Drinking and driving have become less socially acceptable. Awareness has also grown about the impairment caused by other drugs. Driving under the inşuence of a legal (prescription drug) or an illegal drug as a controlled substance is controlled by law (Turkish Road Traffic Act 2918 and Related Legislation-Section/ 97 Prohibition for DUI of alcoholic beverages narcotics and euphoric substances). In addition, using screening tests on the road (on-site tests) requirement for controlling DUID is compulsory in order to ensure security of our country’s roads from materials including saliva, and sweat to determine the drivers who are under the inşuence of drugs, according to important developments in EU countries in recent [year]s. Proof of drug consumption requires analysis of a body şuid to identify the drug. The various methods of drug analyses in alternative samples each have problems with respect to sample collection, handling, and transportation as well as toxicological assays used. Therefore the determination of illicit drug use in drivers and its inşuence on driving is very important. Many prescription drugs, especially sedative-hypnotic or strong analgesics, are classified as controlled substances Also, it should be kept in mind that many addicted patients who constitute a considerable proportion of psychiatric patients may be drivers. Apprehension and punishment of people who chose to drive while impaired has become a higher priority. More stringent controls and onsite tests should be adopted. In this article, drug testing regulations on drivers were evaluated based on legal, social and toxicological principals and the requirements of international standards are discussed.
The determination of non-alcoholic substance use in drivers: Why? How? Where?
Bu yazi Türkiye de, trafikte madde kullaniminin degerlendirmesi amaciyla kanun ve yeni yaklasimlara yönelik olarak hazirlanmistir. Geçmis yillarda yasadisi madde kullanimindaki artisa paralel olarak madde etkisinde olan sürücü sayisinda da bir artis olmustur. Alkolün sürücünün yetkinligini azalttigi ve kaza riskini artirdigi bilinmektedir. Yeni arastirmalar yasadisi maddelerin ölümcül olan ya da olmayan kazalara olan etkisini göstermektedir. Yasadisi madde nakil yollari üzerinde yer alan ülkemizde madde kullanimi sosyoekonomik ve kültürel faktörlerin de etkisiyle artmaktadir. Içki içme ve araç kullanma sosyal olarak daha az kabul edilen bir durum olmustur. Bunun yani sira diger maddelerin sebep oldugu zararlar konusunda bilgilenme artmistir. Yasal ya da yasadisi maddelerin etkisi ile araç kullanma yasalarla düzenlenmistir. Ayrica son yillarda Avrupa Birligi ülkelerindeki gelismeler, karayollarinin güvenligi için tükürük, ter gibi materyallerde madde varligini arastiran testlerin karayollarinda uygulanmasi gerekliligini ortaya koymustur. Madde aliminin kanitlanmasi için beden sivilarinda madde varligi gösterilmelidir. Madde varligini degerlendiren farkli dokularin toksikolojik analizlerinde örnek toplama, elde etme ve nâklinde sorunlarla karsilasilmaktadir. Ancak yasadisi madde kullanimi ve bunun araç kullanma becerisine olan etkisi belirlenmelidir. Birçok reçete edilen ilaçlar özellikle sedatif hipnotikler ya da güçlü analjezikler kontrol edilen maddeler olarak sinisandirilmistir. Ayrica trafikte psikiyatrik sorunu olan kisi olarak degerlendirilen çok sayida madde bagimlisi olan soför olduguna dikkat edilmelidir. Madde etkisinde araç kullananlari tutuklama ve cezalandirma öncelikli bir durum haline gelmistir. Bu sartlarda sürücülere duyarli ve hizli yanit alinan bazi testler uygulanmalidir. Bu yazida sürücülerde madde testi düzenlemeleri yasal, sosyal, toksikolojik prensipler ve uluslararasi gereklilikler göz önüne alinarak tartisilmistir.

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