Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2008; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2008;19(3):257-265
Çocuklarda Bilgi İşlemedeki Üst İşlemlerin Yaşa Bağlı Değişimi
K Yalçın, S Karakaş
Adalet Bakanlığı Dış İlişkiler Daire Başkanlığı, Ar-Ge Şubesi
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, bilişin üst sistemlerinin çocuklardaki durumunu ve gelişimini incelemek, söz konusu bilgi işleme türleri ile yönetici işlevler, zihinsel yetenek ve bilişsel gelişim düzeyi ölçümleri arasındaki ilişki örüntüsünü ortaya koymaktır.

Yöntem: Çalışmada 80 (39 kız, 41 erkek) sağlıklı çocuk yer almıştır. Üst-biliş türlerini ölçmek için, Kelime Listesi, Bilginin Doğruluk Derecesi (BDD), Bilme Hissi Testi (BHT), Ölçüt Testi (ÖT) kullanılmıştır. Yönetici işlevleri ölçmek için, Wisconsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WCST) ve Stroop Testi TBAG Formu; zihinsel yeteneği ölçmek için, Raven Standart Progresif Matrisler Testi (RSPM); bilişsel gelişim düzeyini ölçmek için, Mantıklı Düşünme Testi (MDT) kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: MANOVA ve Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon analizleri sonuçları, yaş arttıkça üst-biliş türleri, yönetici işlevler, genel yetenek ve bilişsel gelişim düzeyinde ilerleme olduğunu göstermiştir. Yönetici işlev testleri ile üst-biliş türleri ve MDT arasında genelde düşük düzeyde ilişkiler olduğu, üst-biliş türleri ile MDT arasında düşük, RSPM arasında düşük ve orta düzeyde ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Faktör analizi sonuçları on bir yaşla birlikte çocukların bilişsel süreçlerinin yetişkinlere benzediğini göstermiştir.

Sonuç: Çalışmanın bulguları çocuklardaki bilişsel yapının yetişkinlerdekinden farklı olarak, çocuklarda yönetici işlevler ve üst-bilişin benzer fakat aynı süreçler olmadığını; bu özelliklerin Piaget'nin gelişim dönemleriyle tam olarak örtüşmediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular ilgili yazın bağlamında tartışılmıştır.
Change with Age of Information Processing Meta-Operations in Children
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine meta-systems of cognition and their development,and the pattern of relationships between types of information processing, executive functions, mental ability, and level of cognitive development in children.

Method: The sample consisted of 80 healthy children (39 female and 41 male). Meta-cognition was measured with the Word List and Evaluation of the Degree of Correctness of Knowledge, Feeling of Knowing, and Criterion Test. Executive functions were assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the TBAG form of the Stroop Test. Mental ability was assessed using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM). Level of cognitive development was assessed using the Logical Reasoning Test (LRT).

Results: MANOVA and correlation analyses showed that meta-memory, executive functions, mental ability, and level of cognitive development increased up to the age of 11 [year]s. There were low correlations between executive function and meta-memory test scores, and LRT. There was a low correlation between meta-cognition score and LRT score. There was a low to medium correlation between meta-cognition score and RSPM score. Principal component analysis showed that by 11 [year]s of age, cognitive patterns in the children began to resemble those of adults.

Conclusion: The study showed that the cognitive structure of the children was different from that of adults, as executive functions and meta-cognitive processes in children were similar, but not identical. These processes did not entirely match the Piagetian stages of cognitive development. The results of this study are discussed within the context of the related literature.

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