Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2007; Cilt: ; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psike Dergi; 2007;(1):1-18
Reseptör sonrası olaylar ve nöroplastiklik
NE Özen
Kırıkkale Ü. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri AD, Kırıkkale
Günümüzde, memelilerde sinir sisteminin işleyişinde, özellikle moleküler yapıların araştırılmasına yönelik çalışmalar artmıştır. Memelilerde beyin esnek bir yapıya sahiptir; uyarılara yanıt olarak yapı ye işlevini değiştirebilir ve beynin bu özelliğine (sinir hücresi/beyine ait) "plastiklik" adı verilir. Plastiklik dinamik bir süreç olup, beynin bireyoluşsal (ontogenetik), öğrenme ve bellek sürecinde, çeşitli nöropsikiyatrik bozuklukların seyrinde önemlidir. Son yıllarda özellikle hayvanlarda, kısmen de insanda konu ile ilgili çalışmalarda artış görülmektedir. Bu gözden geçirmenin ilk bölümünde plastıklikle ilgili, kabul gören temel moleküler mekanizmalar ver almaktadır. Plastikliktekı en önemli moleküler mekanizmalardan olan fosforilasvon, sinir hücresinin her tür işlevinde önemlidir, Gözden geçirmenin son bölümünde ise, sınır hücrelerindekı plastiklığin aydınlatılmasında ü/erinde en çok çalışılan iki model olarak, uzun süreli güçlenme (long-term potential ion- LTP) ve uzun süreli zayıflama (long-term depression-LTD) özetlenmiştir. LTP ve LTD, özgül sinapslarda gerçekleşirler ve yeni protein sentezi ile oluşurlar. Beynin plastikliğinin normal işlevlerde önemli olduğu kadar, Alzheimer hastalığı, şizofreni gibi nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarda da önemli olduğu düşünüldüğünden, altta yatan moleküler mekanizmaların anlaşılabilmesi, plastiklığin değiştirilerek bu bozuklukların kontrolünde yardımcı olabilir.
Postreceptor mechanisms and neural plasticity

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