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Yıl:2001; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2001;8(1):48-55
Streptekok Enfeksiyonları ile İlişkili Pediatrik Otoimmün Nöropsikiyatrik Bozukluklar: Bir Gözden Geçirme
NP Fiş
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara.\r\n\r\n
Amaç: Tik ve /veya obsesif kompulsif belirtileri olan çocuk hastaların bir grubunda belirtilerin ortaya çıkışının ya da varolan belirtilerin şiddetlenmesinin streptokok enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Bu alt grup “PANDAS” şeklinde bir kısaltma ile tanımlanmaktadır. Bu yazının amacı, streptokok enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülen bu nöropsikiyatrik belirtileri gösteren olgularla ve altta yatan muhtemel etyopatogenetik mekanizmalarla ilgili makalelerin gözden geçirilmesidir. Yöntem: Literatürdeki streptokok enfeksiyonu ile Tik ve Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen makaleler taranmış ve bunlar arasından 32 makale araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağı Tik ve Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluğu içinde streptokok enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili bulunan bir alt grubun “PANDAS” şeklinde sınışandırılabileceği, bu alt grubun ortak , büyük olasılıkla otoimmün, bir etiyopatogeneze sahip olduğu fikri yaygın olarak kabul görmektedir. Ancak streptokok enfeksiyonun tanımlanması ve nöropsikiyatrik belirtilerle arasında zamansal ilişki kurulması konusunda halen bazı güçlükler bulunmaktadır. Tartışma: Bir grup hastada ortak nedensel bir süreç bulunması ile birlikte semptomatik tedavinin yanı sıra, nedene yönelik tedavi seçeneklerinin de kullanılabilmesi anlamına gelecektir. Ancak bunun için; streptokok enfeksiyonu, kolonizasyon ve mikroorganizma ile karşılaşma ayırımı ile ilgili ölçütlerin oluşturulması ve altta yatan olası mekanizmayı tedavi etmeye yönelik özgül tedavilerle ilgili geniş hasta sayılı ve kontrollü araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS): A Review
Object: In a group of children with tic and/or obsessive compulsive disorder, occurrence or exacerbations of symptoms is found to be related to streptococcal infections. This subgroup of patients is classified as “PANDAS”. The object of this article is to make a review of articles in literature, which are concerned with the relation of streptococcal infections with such neuropsychiatric disorders and, of those which are concerned with the possible etiopatogenetic mechanisms associated with this subgroup of patients. Method: Articles related to this subject are examined and 32 of them are reviewed. Results: A subgroup of children with obsessive compulsive or tic disorders can be classified as “PANDAS”. This subgroup has its common, possibly autoimmune , etiopatogenic mechanism. But, there are some difficulties in defining the streptococcal infection and the temporal relation between the infection and occurrence or exacerbation of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Discussion: It will be useful to classify a subgoup as “PANDAS”, because in such a case it may be possible to use specific treatment modalities according to the etiopatogenetic mechanism, in addition to the symptomatic treatment of the disease. However, there is still need for investigations in order to establish the criteria for the differentiation of streptococcal infection from colonization and from exposure to the microorganism and in order to find specific treatments for the underlying patogenic procecess.

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