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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 45; Sayı: Özel>> Özet
TAM METİN
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2008;45(Özel):15-20
Multipl Skleroz: Epigenetik Bir Hastalık Olabilir mi?
M Kürtüncü, M Eraksoy
İstanbul Üniv. İstanbul Tıp Fak. Nöroloji ABD, İstanbul
Multipl skleroz (MS) santral sinir sisteminin en sık görülen otoimmün inflamatuar hastalığıdır. Hastalığın ortaya çıkışında birden fazla gen ve çevresel etkenin rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Birçok ön hipotezsiz tüm genom taramasına rağmen, HLA-lokusu dışında birden fazla toplumda tekrarlanan bir bölge bulunamamıştır. Tüm genom taramalarında teknik olarak polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemi kullanılarak hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında DNA dizisi açısından bir fark olup olmadığına bakılmaktadır. Bu yöntemle yapılan taramaların negatif sonuçlanması, hastalığın etiyolojisinde DNA'nın sekans değişiminden farklı bir patolojinin rol oynadığını düşündürmektedir. Epigenetik, DNA sekansında değişiklik olmaksızın transkripsiyonun değiştiği, aktarılabilir değişiklikleri ifade etmektedir. Son yıllarda epigenetikle ilgili gelişmeler, bu mekanizmaların MS gibi multifaktöryel hastalıkların etiyolojisinde rol oynayabileceğini kuvvetle düşündürmektedir. Bu derlemede, epigenetik düzenleme ile ilgili en son bulgular ve bu mekanizmaların MS'in ortaya çıkışında nasıl rol oynayabileceği tartışılacaktır.
Multiple Sclerosis: Could it Be An Epigenetic Disease?
Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent autoimmune, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. It is believed to be a multi-factorial and multigenic disease. Despite numerous efforts to find a locus with hypothesis-free whole genome screens, no repeatable locus other than HLA was found. Genome screens use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods to find a difference between patients and controls. This method is insensitive to differences other than disparities in the DNA sequence. The negative results of these efforts suggest that other mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology. Epigenetics denotes all heritable mechanisms which result in transcriptional difference without a change in the DNA sequence. In the last decade there have been significant findings which suggest that epigenetic modifications may cause multi-factorial diseases like MS. This review will focus on the recent progress of molecular biology on epigenetics and how it may explain the genetics of multiple sclerosis.

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