Güçsüzlük, duyu kaybı ve paresteziler sık görülen nonspesifik semptomlardır, ancak habaset (malignancy) ile ilişkili paraneoplastik hastalıklar olarak tanımlanan nörolojik hastalıklar için belirleyici olabilir. Paraneoplastik sendromlar metastazdan bağımsız olarak kanserin uzak etkileridir. Ateş, enfeksiyon ve metabolik anormallikler gibi nonspesifik sistemik bulgular eşlik edebilir. Ayrıca, neoplazmın uzak etkisi olarak birçok spesifik nörolojik bozukluk tanımlanmıştır. Bu klinik bulguların tanınması henüz ortaya çıkmamış habasetin bulgusu olabileceğinden önemlidir. Nörolojik paraneoplastik hastalıklar habaset tanısı konulmadan yıllar önce ortaya çıkabilir.
Bu derlemede ender görülen paraneoplastik kas ve nöromusküler hastalıklara okuyucunun dikkati çekilmek istenmiştir.

Weakness, sensory loss, and paresthesias are common nonspecific symptoms, but can be important indicators of neurologic disorders associated with malignancy, referred to as paraneoplastic disorders. Paraneoplastic syndromes are defined as clinical syndromes involving nonmetastatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease. In a broad sense, these syndromes are collections of symptoms that result from substances produced by the tumor, and they occur remotely from the tumor itself. Loosely defined, these may include nonspecific systemic effects such as fever, infections, metabolic abnormalities, and so forth. Additionally, several specific neurological disorders are recognized as the remote effects of a neoplasm. Recognition of these conditions is important because they may be the presenting feature of an occult malignancy. Currently, the mechanisms of how cancers affect distant sites are not understood precisely. Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes are believed to occur when cancer-fighting antibodies or white blood cells known as T cells mistakenly attack normal cells in the nervous system. When a tumor arises, the body may produce antibodies to fight it by binding to and destroying tumor cells. Unfortunately, in some cases, these antibodies cross-react with normal tissues and destroy them, which may stimulate the onset of paraneoplastic disorders. However, not all paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with these antibodies. These disorders typically affect middle-aged to older persons and are most common in persons with lung, ovarian, lymphatic, or breast cancer.
Neurologic symptoms generally develop over a period of days to weeks and usually occur prior to tumor detection, which can complicate diagnosis. These symptoms may include difficulty in walking and/or swallowing, loss of muscle tone, loss of fine motor coordination, slurred speech, memory loss, vision problems, sleep disturbances, dementia, seizures, sensory loss in the limbs, and vertigo.
In this review, it is aimed to draw attention of the reader to the rarely seen paraneoplastic muscle and neuromuscular junction diseases.