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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2008;18(1):59-70
Antipsikotik ilaçların yol açtığı kilo artışı: genlerin payı ne?
K Yazıcı, A Yazıcı
Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, Mersin
İkinci kuşak antipsikotik ilaçların kullanımının yaygınlaşması ile birlikte bazı metabolik yan etkiler dikkati çekmeye başlamıştır. Bunlardan biri de kilo alımıdır. Kilo alımı hem genel sağlık hem de psikiyatrik morbidite yönünden önemli bir sorundur. Bazı hastalar antipsikotik ilaçları n bu yan etkisine daha duyarlı görünmektedir. Bu duyarlılıkta genetik etkenlerin rolü olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu yazıda antipsikotik ilaçların yol açtığı kilo artışı ile ilgili genetik mekanizmalar konusunda yapılan çalışmalarda elde edilen bilgilerin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmı ştır. Bu gözden geçirmede, PubMed bilgisayar veri tabanı kullanılarak fiubat 2007’ye kadar yayımlanmış olan literatür derlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Türkçe dergiler için Türk Psikiyatri Dizini de araştırılmıştır. Veri tabanları nda tarama yapmak için “antipsychotic, genetic, weight” ve “antipsychotic, polymorphism, weight” sözcükleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler 1) obezite ve vücut ağırlığı ile ilişkili moleküler yollarla ilgili genler; 2) antipsikotik ilaçların etkilediği reseptörleri kodlayan ve sinaptik iletimde rol oynayan proteinlerle ilgili genler; 3) antipsikotik ilaçların metabolizması ve biyoyararlanımı ile ilgili genler başlıkları altında gruplanarak sunulmuştur. İncelenen çalışmalarda kilo artışı ile ilişkisi araştırılan genler şunlardır: leptin, melanin konsantre edici hormon, tümör nekroz faktörü alfa, beyin kaynaklı nörotrofik faktör, dopamin D1, D2, D3 ve D4 reseptörleri, serotonin 1A, 2A ve 2C reseptörleri, serotonin taşıyıcısı protein, histamin H1 ve H2 reseptörleri, adrenerjik α1a, α2a ve ß3 reseptörleri, sinaptozomal ilişkili protein-25, G-proteini ß3 alt birimi, CYP1A2 ve CYP2D6 enzimleri. Antipsikotik ilaçlara bağlı kilo artışının genetik olarak önceden tahmin edilmesi klinisyenler için yüksek risk taşıyan kişileri belirlemek açısından çok değerli olacaktır. Bu amaçla yürütülen çalışmalardan ilgi çekici gen varyantları ve kromozom bölgeleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmalardaki pek çok kısıtlılığa rağmen, güçlü etkileri olan bazı genler saptanabilmektedir. Şu an için en öne çıkan aday genler 5HT2C reseptör geni, α2a-adrenerjik reseptör geni, leptin geni, G-proteini α3 alt birimi geni ve SNAP-25 genleridir
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: The role of the genetics
Parallel to the increasingly common use of second generation
antipsychotics, some metabolic side effects started to draw attention,
one of which is weight gain. Weight gain is an important problem
both for general health and psychiatric morbidity. Some patients
appear particularly vulnerable to weight gain with antipsychotic
drugs. Genetic factors are thought to play a role in this vulnerability.
This article aimed to review data obtained in studies about the
association of weight gain and genetic mechanisms.
In this review, literature was retrieved with the use of the
computerized database PubMed up to February 2007. In addition,
“Çukurova Psikiyatri Dizini (Çukurova University Psychiatry Database)
website was also searched for Turkish journals. Keywords used in the
search were “antipsychotic, genetic, weight” and “antipsychotic,
polymorphism, weight”.
Data were presented under the main headings of 1) genes involved in
molecular pathways associated with obesity and body weight, 2)
genes that code for receptors modulated by antipsychotic drugs and
for proteins involved in synaptic transmission, 3) genes involved in the
metabolism and bioavailability of antipsychotic medications. Genes
investigated in reviewed studies for the association with weight gain
were as follows: leptin, melanin concentrating hormone, tumor
necrosis factor alpha, brain derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine D1,
D2, D3 and D4 receptors, serotonin 1A, 2A and 2C receptors, serotonin
transporter protein, histamine H1 and H2 receptors, adrenergic
α1a, α2a and ß3 receptors, synaptosomal-associated protein-25,
G-protein ß3 subunit, and CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 enzymes.
Genetic prediction of antipsychotic drug induced weight gain would
be very valuable for clinicians in order to identify subjects who are at
high risk. Interesting gene variants and chromosomal regions have
emerged from studies conducted thus far. In spite of many limitations
of these studies, some genes with stronger effects can be detected.
To date, the most prominent candidate genes in studies are 5HT2C
receptor gene, α2a-adrenergic receptor gene, leptin gene, G-protein
ß3 subunit gene and SNAP-25 gene.

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